Sexual differentiation Flashcards
When does gonadal development of men and women develop?
5-6 weeks
What are gonadal ridges?
Embryological precursor to gonads
Where do gonadal ridges begin development?
Posterior wall
What are Mullerian and Wollfian ducts? Where are they in relation to each other?
Mullerian= female ducts Wollfian= male ducts
Define cloaca
Duct for urinary system and reproductive system
What is the first step in male differentation?
Gonads secrete anti-Mullerian hormones at 7-8 weeks- female ducts degenerate
Describes how foetal testes descend down to scrotum
Gubernaculum descends on each side of abdomen from inferior pole of gonad
Passes obliquely through abdominal wall at site of future inguinal canal
Pulls testes down, taking layer of anterior abdominal wall with it to form scrotum
Define processus vaginalis?
Envagination of peritoneum
How is inguinal canal wall formed?
Invagination of peritoneum herniates through abdominal wall along pass formed by gubernaculum
Describe state of testes and gubernaculum at birth
Testes: fully descended down posterior abdominal wall and into scrotum
Gubernaculum much smaller
What % of newborns testes are in scrotum?
97%
Where does the inguinal canal originate and emerge
Originates at deep inguinal ring at midinguinal point
Emerges at superficial inguinal ring
Where do testicular vessels originate from?
Abdominal aorta or renal vessels
Describe the course of vas deferens as testes descend the scrotum
Vas deferens pulled into inguinal canal
Transverses up spermatid cord, through inguinal canal and into abdomen beneath peritoneum
Passes over bladder and descends down behind it
Function of seminal vesicles
Creates spermatid fluid
Sperm can also be stored here
Describe the course of the urethra
Passes through prostate
Through deep perineal pouch
Through perineal membrane into superficial pouch
Which lobe does prostatic hypertrophy mainly affect?
Median
What lobe does prostate cancer usually affect?
Lateral
In female development, what do Mullerian ducts grow into?
Oviducts
What do growing ends of Mullerian ducts grow into?
Fimbrae of oviducts
What prevents the ovaries from fully descending to same extent as male testes?
Fused mullerian ducts form uterus, surrounded by layer of peritoneum
Gubernaculum becomes stuck here preventing further descend of ovaries
What is the rectouterine pouch?
Between rectum and vagina
Where does ovarian arterial supply come from?
Aorta
Where do ovarian veins drain into?
IVC on the right
left renal vein on left
How are ovaries attached to back of broad ligament?
BY mesovarium
Where do ovaries lie?
Ovarian fossa
What are the largest ligaments inserting into cervix?
Tranverse cervical ligaments
Pubocervical
Sacrocervical
What is the lumen surrounding the cervix divided into?
Fornices anterior, posterior and two lateral
Describe the course of the ureters?
Pass over pelvic brim at bifurcation of common iliac arteries in front of sacroiliac joint
Run on lateral walls of pelvis
Opposite ishial spine, curve anteromedially
What gubernaculum is the ovarian ligament?
Cranial
What gubernalum is the round ligament?
Caudal
What does ovarian ligament connect?
Ovary to uterus
What does the round ligament connect?
Uterus to labium majora
