The Pelvis and Gait

Question 1

Four bones make up the pelvic girdle

Answer 1

Sacrum
Coccyx
Both ilium bones

Question 2

Joints/Articulations pelvic girdle

Answer 2

Sacroiliac joints (SI)
 Symphysis pubis
 Lumbosacral joint

Question 3

greater/major pelvis, the bony areas between the iliac crests and is superior to the pelvic inlet

Answer 3

False pelvis

Question 4

the line between the sacral prominence posteriorly and the superior border of the symphysis pubis anteriorly

Answer 4

Pelvic inlet

Question 5

fyi

There are no pelvic organs within the false pelvis

Answer 5

fyi

Question 6

lesser/minor pelvis, lies between the pelvic inlet and the outlet

Answer 6

True pelvis

Question 7

the line from the tip of the coccyx to the inferior surface of the pubic symphysis

Answer 7

Pelvic outlet

Question 8

fyi

The true pelvis makes up the pelvic cavity and contains parts of the GI tract, urinary tract and reproductive organs
In females, it forms the birth canal

Answer 8

ffyi

Question 9

Male vs. Female

1. The superior opening of the female pelvis is ????/
2. The pelvic cavity in females is?????
3. The pelvic arch in females is ??????

Answer 9

1. oval and the male is more heart shaped
2. shallow and less narrow
3. wider and more rounded

Question 10

A synovial, nonaxial joint between the sacrum and the ilium

Answer 10

Sacroiliac Joint

Question 11

Described as a plane joint and its articular surfaces are very irregular
Helps to lock the two joint surfaces together
Designed for great stability which means less mobility

Answer 11

Sacroiliac Joint

Question 12

sacral flexion – occurs when the base of the sacrum moves anteriorly and inferiorly
Causes the inferior portion of the sacrum and coccyx to move posteriorly
Pelvic outlet becomes larger

Answer 12

Nutation

Question 13

sacral extension – the base of the sacrum moves posteriorly and superiorly
Causing the tip of the coccyx to move anteriorly
The pelvic inlet becomes larger

Answer 13

Counternutation

Question 14

The amount of motion at these joints at the pelvis is very minimal and only occurs with other joint motions

Answer 14

SI Joint Motion

Question 15

If your patient’s sacrum and coccyx appear much more posterior at the coccyx and anterior at the PSIS, they are

Nutated or Counternutated

Answer 15

nutation

picture on 249

Question 16

SI Joint Motion- What motion occurs with trunk flexion or hip extension

Answer 16

Nutation

Question 17

SI Joint Motion- this motion occurs with trunk extension or hip flexion

Answer 17

counternutation

Question 18

Which motion is Important during pregnancy in early labor as the position of the fetus will change the positioning of the sacrum

Answer 18

counternutation

Question 19

In the later stages of labor when the baby passes through the pelvic outet. and it is important that this AP diameter increases. which motions occur?

Answer 19

Nutation

Question 20

1. Pelvic girdle motions =
   * Movement is coming from the ?

Answer 20

1. pelvis and spine together
   * hip, lumbar and lumbosacral joints.

Question 21

Pelvic Girdle Motions

occurs when the pelvis tilts forward, moving the ASIS anterior to the pubic symphysis

Answer 21

Anterior tilt

Question 22

Pelvic Girdle Motions

occurs when the pelvis tilts backwards, moving the ASIS posterior to the pubic symphysis
Lateral tilt

Answer 22

Posterior tilt

Question 23

occurs when the two iliac crests are not level.

Answer 23

Lateral tilt

Question 24

For the body to remain upright when the pelvis tilts, movement must occur above and below the pelvis in __________ directions

Answer 24

opposite

Question 25

The pelvis tilts forward, the ASIS move anteriorly to the pubic symphysis
The lumbar spine hyperextends
The hips flex

Answer 25

Anterior Tilt

Question 26

When a person with a hip flexion contracture stands up, their pelvis will automatically tilt s_________?

Answer 26

anteriorly

Question 27

The pelvis tilts backwards, the PSIS moves posteriorly to the pubic symphysis
The lumbar spine flattens or flexes
The hips extend

Answer 27

Posterior Tilt

Question 28

When a patient has significantly tight hamstrings, they pull the pelvis into a __________tilt

Answer 28

posterior

Question 29

Occurs when two ASIS’s and iliac crests are not level
Because the pelvis moves as a unit, as one side goes up, the other must go down

Answer 29

Lateral Tilt

Question 30

how is the pelvis used a point of reference when referring to lateral tilt?

Answer 30

• The side that is unsupported or is NWB will be your reference point
• If you lift your L LE, your L pelvis tilts laterally downward (The R side will move upward, but again we name it by the unsupported side.)

Question 31

Occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis when one side of the pelvis moves forward or backwards in relation to the other side

Answer 31

Pelvic Rotation

Question 32

the pelvis on the right moves forward when the RLE is unsupported
Results in hip medial rotation

Answer 32

forward rotation

Question 33

the pelvis on the right moves posteriorly when the RLE is unsupported
Results in hip lateral rotation

Answer 33

posterior rotation

Question 34

Force Couples

which force couples cause the pelvis to tilt anterior (pg 256)

Answer 34

1. Back extensors
2. hip flexors

Question 35

which force couples cause the pelvis to tilt posteriorly

Answer 35

1. Hip extensors
2. trunk flexors

Question 36

These force couples work together to maintain a neutral pelvis avoiding excessive lateral tilt.

Answer 36

1. Lateral trunk benders
2. the opposite sides hip abductors

Question 37

A Physical Therapist Assistant is treating a patient with a 20 degree hip flexion contracture. Which direction would the Physical Therapist Assistant expect the trunk to be moving while the patient is ambulating?
A. Forward
B. Backward
C. Neither

Answer 37

forward

Question 38

If the hip flexors are contracted, their force couple buddies are which one?

• also contracted
• or
• stretched and weak

Answer 38

stretched and weak