Normal Gait Flashcards
defined as the manner in which you move from place to place with your feet
Walking
Gait is the process or components
walking
To analyze gait, you must determine ?
which motions occur at which joints
also called stride, it is the activity that occurs between the time one foot touches the floor and the time the same foot touches the floor again
Gait cycle
the distance traveled during the gait cycle
Stride length
one half of a stride
Step
the distance between heel strike of one foot and heel strike of the other foot. (Should be equal between each foot)
Step length
walking speed or the number of steps taken per minute
Cadence
A Slow is considered around_____steps per minute
70
Fast is considered around _____ steps per minute
- Race and mall walkers walk considerably faster
130
fyi
Regardless of speed, the gait cycle is the same, that is all parts occur in their proper place at the proper time
fyi
There are ONLY two phases of gait: what are they?
Swing and Stance phase
- the activity that occurs when the foot is in contact with the ground
- Begins with heel strike of one foot and ends when that foot leaves the ground
- Accounts for 60% of the gait cycle
Stance phase
- occurs when the foot is not in contact with the ground
- Begins when the foot leaves the floor and ends when the heel of the same foot touches the floor
- Accounts for 40% of the gait cycle
Swing phase
Three tasks need to be accomplished during the gait cycle
- Weight acceptance
- Single leg support
- Leg advancement
- Occurs at the very beginning of stance phase when the foot touches the ground and the body weight begins to be shifted onto that leg
- Initial contact (Rancho Los Amigos terminology)
Weight Acceptance
Occurs next as the body weight shifts completely onto the stance leg so that the opposite leg can swing forward
Single Leg Support
- Loading response
- Midstance
- Terminal stance
- Preswing
Occurs during swing phase
Leg Advancement
- Initial swing
- Midswing
- Terminal swing
Each gait cycle has two periods of _______ support and two periods of ________ support
- double
- single
When both feet are in contact with the ground, this is a period of ?
- When one leg is beginning stance phase and the other one is ending stance phase (there are two of these periods)
double support
Each period of double support will take up about ___%of the gait cycle (_____%all together)
10%
20%
If you increase your walking speed, you spend less time or more time in double support?
less time
- Occurs when neither foot is on the ground
- this period is the biggest difference between these two activities
Nonsupport Period
- Occurs when only one foot is in contact with the ground
- Two periods of this support occurs in a gait cycle
Single Support
Two periods of single support occur in a gait cycle?
- Once when the R foot is on the ground and once when the L foot is on the ground (the opposite foot will be in swing phase)
- Each single support phase takes up about 40% of the gait cycle
Traditional vs. Ranchos Los Amigos should be interchangable
**traditional **
- Heel strike
- Foot flat
- Midstance
- Heel – Off
- Toe – Off
- Acceleration
- Midswing
- Deceleration
Ranchos Los Amigos
- Initial contact
- Loading response
- Midstance
- Terminal stance
- Preswing
- Initial swing
- Midswing
- Terminal Swing
- Traditional = describes ?
- Rancho = describes?
Most have a beginning point and an end point (Table 22-1)
- points in time
- periods of time
Stance Phase: Traditional
Heel strike – heel contacts the ground
Foot flat – Plantar surface of the foot in contact with the ground
Compare to RLA
RLA
Loading Response –
- Beginning – just after IC when the body weight is being transferred onto the leg and entire foot makes contact with the ground
- Ending – opposite foot leaves the ground
Stance Phase
Traditional
Midstance – point at which the body passes over the weight bearing leg
Heel Off – heel leaves the ground while the ball of the foot and toes remain in contact with the ground
Compare to RLA
Stance Phase
RLA
Midstance –
Beginning – opposite foot leaves the ground
Ending – body is directly over the weight bearing limb
Terminal Stance –
Beginning – as the heel of the weight bearing leg rises
Ending – IC of the opposite foot and the body has moved in front of the weight bearing leg
Stance Phase
Traditional
Toe Off – Toes leave the ground, ending stance phase
compare to RLA
Stance Phase
RLA
Preswing –
Beginning – initial contact and weight shifted onto the opposite leg
Ending – just before the toes of weight bearing leg leave the ground
Swing Phase
Traditional
Acceleration – the swing leg begins to move forward
compare to RLA
RLA
- *Initial Swing –**
- *Beginning** – the toes leave the ground
- *Ending** – the swing foot is opposite the weight bearing foot and the knee is in maximum flexion
Swing Phase
Traditional
Midswing – the swing (non weight bearing) leg is directly under the body
compare to RLA
RLA
Midswing –
Beginning– the swing foot is opposite the weight bearing foot
Ending – the swing leg has moved in front of the body and the tibia is in a vertical position
Swing Phase
Traditional
Deceleration – The leg is slowing down in preparation for heel strike
compare to RLA
RLA
Terminal Swing –
Beginning– the tibia is in a vertical position
Ending – just prior to initial contact
Initial Contact / Heel Strike
- Stance phase begins
- Task of weight acceptance begins
- Double leg support begins
- Body at lowest point in gait cycle
- Head and trunk upright
- Ankle neutral
- Knee extended
- Hip flexed 25 degrees
- Leg in front of the body
- Pelvis is rotated forward, ipsilateral side
- Ipsilateral arm is back, contralateral arm is forward
Loading Response / Foot Flat
- Weight shift onto stance leg continues
- Double leg support ends
- Ankle plantarflexes (eccentric contraction of dorsiflexors) putting foot on the ground to 15 degrees
- Knee partially flexed absorbing shock at 20 degrees
- Hip moving into extension
- Body catching up with the leg
- Ipsilateral arm swinging forward
Midstance / Midstance
- Body at highest point in the cycle
- Single leg support begins
- Ankle slightly dorsiflexed
- Knee and hip continue extending
- Body passes over right foot
- Pelvis in neutral position
- Both arms are parallel with the body
Terminal Stance / Heel - Off
- Body moves ahead of foot
- Single leg support ends
- Ankle slightly dorsiflexed, then begins plantarflexion
- Knee extending then beginning slight flexion
- Hip hyperextending
- Body ahead of stance leg
- Pelvis is rotating back – ipsilateral side
- Ipsilateral arm swinging forward
Preswing / Toe - Off
- Task of leg advancement begins
- Double leg support begins and ends
- Ankle is plantarflexed 10 degrees
- Knee and hip are flexing
- Lateral pelvic tilt on right side
- Ipsilateral arm forward
Initial swing / Acceleration
- Swing phase begins (non weight bearing)
- Single leg support begins on contralateral side
- Ankle begins to dorsiflex
- Knee and hip continue flexing
- Leg is behind body but moving forward
- Pelvis beginning to rotate forward
- Ipsilateral arm swinging backwards
Midswing / Midswing
- Leg shortens to clear the floor
- Single leg support on contralateral side continues
- Ankle dorsiflexed
- Knee at maximum flexion of 65 degrees and begins to extend
- Hip at maximum flexion of 25 degrees
- Leg passing under and moving in front of body
- Pelvis in neutral position
- Arms parallel with body and moving in opposite directions
Terminal Swing / Deceleration
- Leg advancement task ends
- Single support ends
- Ankle continuing in dorsiflexion
- Knee extended
- Hip flexed
- Leg ahead of the body
- Pelvis rotated forward – ipsilateral side
- Ipsilateral arm back, contralateral arm forward
A Physical Therapist Assistant is treating a patient with a 15 degree knee flexion contracture. Which of the following would the Physical Therapist Assistant NOT expect to see during gait training?
- Excessive dorsiflexion
- Shortened step length of the unaffected side
- Shortened step length of the affected side
- Early heel rise during pushoff
