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History GCSE > The Peace Treaties of 1919-1923 > Flashcards

The Peace Treaties of 1919-1923 Flashcards

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1
Q

how many casualties did the french suffer in WW1?

A

6 million

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2
Q

how much did France spend on WW1?

A

$24bn

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3
Q

what was the ‘Zone Rouge’?

A

1,200 square kilometers of land in France which was deemed too damaged by human conflict for human habitation

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4
Q

who was the leader of France at the end of WW1?

A

George Clemenceau

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5
Q

what did Clemenceau want from the TOV?

A

gain land (particularly Alsace-Lorraine)
break Germany up into small weak states to prevent war happening again
economic reparations
reduce size of the German army

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6
Q

how many casualties did Britain suffer in WW1?

A

3 million (almost every British family lost a member to the war)

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7
Q

how much did Britain spend on WW1?

A

$35bn

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8
Q

who was the leader of Britain at the end of WW1?

A

David Lloyd-George

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9
Q

what were Lloyd-George’s aims at the Paris peace conference?

A

gain economic reparations
gain land for the British empire
reduce Germany’s navy so Britain maintained its naval supremacy
not to crush Germany as didn’t want France to be dominant in mainland Europe

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10
Q

how many casualties did the US suffer in WW1?

A

360,000

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11
Q

how much did the US spend on WW1?

A

$22.5bn

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12
Q

who was the leader of the US at the end of WW1?

A

Woodrow Wilson

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13
Q

what were Wilson’s aims at the Paris peace conference?

A

14 points including:
free trade between countries
all countries to work towards disarmament
France to regain Alsace-Lorraine
league of nations to be set up
self determination for the people of Eastern Europe

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14
Q

what clause was the ‘war guilt’ clause?

A

clause 231

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15
Q

how did France lose Alsace-Lorraine?

A

France lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1871 after defeats in the Franco Prussian War

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16
Q

when was the figure for reparations decided on?

A

1921

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17
Q

how much in reparations did Germany have to pay?

A

£6.6bn

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18
Q

how long would Germany have been paying off reparations if repayments were as scheduled?

A

until 1984

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19
Q

how much did the allies spend collectively on the war?

A

over $80bn

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20
Q

how much did Germany spend on the war?

A

$38bn

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21
Q

how much was the Germany army limited to under the TOV?

A

100,000 men

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22
Q

how much was the Germany navy limited to under the TOV?

A

15,000 men and 6 battleship

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23
Q

other than the navy and army what other military restriction were placed on Germany under the TOV?

A

No air force
Rhineland demilitarized
Conscription abolished
Tanks and chemical weapons banned

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24
Q

what was Anschluss?

A

The union of Germany and Austria

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25
What were the 'mandates'?
the colonies which were divided up among the winning powers were officially known as 'mandates of the league'
26
give two examples of former German mandates?
the Cameroons and Togoland became mandates under french control Tanganyika became a mandate under British control
27
when was the league of nations set up?
in 1919 as part of the TOV (Germany was forbidden from joining until it had shown itself to be a peace-loving nation)
28
when was the Weimer republic set up?
In November 1918 after Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated
29
why did the winter of 1918 see a rise in discontent in Germany?
food shortage | epidemic of Spanish flu
30
how many people did the outbreak of Spanish flu in 1918 kill?
50,000
31
who led the spartacist uprising?
Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht
32
when was the spartacist uprising?
4th-15th January 1919
33
how was the spartacist uprising crushed?
using Freikorps
34
who were the Freikorps?
a group of ex-German soldiers who refused to disarm
35
what happened on the 7th April 1919?
a soviet republic was set up in Bavaria with Munich as its capital
36
How was the soviet public in Bavaria crushed?
using the freikorps after they besieged Munich for weeks, killing 600 communists
37
how did the Weimer government crush the communist campaign in the Ruhr?
using the Freikorps, police and army, resulting in 2000 casulties
38
who did Germany lose Alsace-Lorraine to under the TOV?
France
39
What happened to the Saarland under the TOV?
given to the LON with a plebiscite to be help in 15 years time
40
what happened to Danzig under the TOV?
it became a free city run by the LON, giving Poland access to a major sea port
41
which areas did Poland gain under the TOV?
west prussia and posen (polish corridor) and upper silesia
42
what happened to Schleswig-Holstein under the TOV?
given to Denmark after a plebiscite
43
What happened to Lithuania Latvia and Estonia under the TOV?
became independent states
44
when did France invade the Ruhr?
1923
45
when was the treaty of brest-litovsk signed?
1918
46
how much of its iron and coal did Russia lose under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
74%
47
how much of its coalfield did Germany lose under the TOV?
16%
48
how many Germans were displaced by the TOV?
7 million
49
how many Russians were displaced under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
50 million
50
when did the Kapp putsch happen?
February 1920
51
why did the Kapp putsch happen?
Defense minister Noske ordered disbandment of the two most powerful freikorps
52
how did Dr. Wolfgang Kapp seize Berlin?
Dr. Kapp united various freikorps. Weimer gov. attempted to use army to deal with situation but refused to fight their old comrades. Weimer gov. fled Berlin and Dr. Kapp declared himself chancellor of Germany.
53
how did the Weimer government shut down the Kapp putsch?
appealed to the workers of Berlin who declareda general strike as they were against the conservative ideology of the Freikorps. Faced with the city at a standstill Kapp and his supporters fled and only Kapp was tried or punished.
54
when was the Munich Putsch?
in November 1923
55
how did Hitler use the trial to his advantage?
broadcast his message and clearly elicited sympathies as served just 9 months of a 5 year sentence
56
when did Germany experience hyper-inflation?
1923
57
what was 1 dollar worth in marks on 20th November 1923?
4 billion
58
how much did Russia have to pay in reparations under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
3 billion roubles
59
who did the Treaty of Saint-Germain affect?
Austria
60
when was the Treaty of Saint-Germain signed
September 1919
61
what land did Austria lose to Italy under the Treaty of Saint-Germain?
South Tyrol and Istria
62
other than Italy which countries did Austria lose land to under the Treaty of Saint-Germain?
the three new states (Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia)
63
how many people did the Treaty of Saint-Germain reduce the population to?
6.5 million people
64
what term of the Treaty of Saint-Germain referenced Germany?
Austria was forbidden from seeking 'Anschluss' with Germany
65
how much was the Austria army limited to under the Treaty of Saint-Germain?
30,000 men
66
who did the Treaty of Neuilly affect?
Bulgaria
67
when was the Treaty of Neuilly signed?
November 1919
68
who did Bulgaria lose land to under the Treaty of Neuilly?
Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania
69
how much was the Bulgarian army restricted to under the Treaty of Neuilly?
20,000 men
70
how much did Bulgaria have to pay in reparations under the Treaty of Neuilly?
£100 million
71
who did the Treaty of Trianon affect?
Hungary
72
when was the Treaty of Trianon signed?
March 1920
73
how much territory of its territory did Hungary lose under the Treaty of Trianon?
two thirds
74
what countries did Hungary lose land to under the Treaty of Trianon?
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania
75
how much did the population of hungary change under the Treaty of Trianon?
reduced from 18 million to 7 million
76
what reparations did Hungary pay under Treaty of Trianon?
Due to reparations but economy was so bad that never happened
77
what was the Hungarian army limited to under the Treaty of Trianon?
35,000 men
78
who did the Treaty of Sevres affect?
Turkey
79
when was the Treaty of Sevres signed?
1920
80
what happened to land in Europe which was in the Ottoman empire under the Treaty of Sevres?
Turkey lose nearly all of it to Greece
81
what happened to Syria under the Treaty of Sevres?
became a mandate under French control
82
which lands became mandates under British control in the Treaty of Sevres?
Palestine, Jordan and Iraq
83
was turkey due to pay reparations under the Treaty of Sevres?
yes
84
was Austria due to pay reparations under the treaty of Saint-Germain?
no
85
why was the treaty of Sevres revised?
the ottoman family was overthrown and the Treaty of Sevres was overturned by force
86
what was the name of the Turkish general who led the revolution against the Ottoman family?
General Atatürk
87
when was the Ottoman family overthrown?
1921
88
what was the name of the revised Treaty of Sevres?
the Treaty of Lausanne
89
when was the Treaty of Lausanne signed?
1923
90
what changes did the Treaty of Lausanne make to the Treaty of Sevres?
1. Turkey regained much of the land lost to Greece | 2. no reparations were to be paid
91
when was the Schlieffen plan finalized?
1906
92
What happened in the Munich Putsch?
the Nazis attempted to overthrow the government but the military stopped them with little loss of life
93
How many delegates were at the Paris Peace Conference?
32

History GCSE (8 decks)

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