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History GCSE > Stalin's Policies > Flashcards

Stalin's Policies Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Stalin want to modernise the USSR?

A

1) to increase the military strength of the USSR
2) to rival the economies of the capitalist west
3) to increase food supply for the workers
4) to establish his reputation

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2
Q

What did Stalin say in 1931?

A

“We are 50 to 100 years behind the advanced countries. Either we make good the difference in 10 years or they crush us.”

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3
Q

How much of Russian society in 1928 was made up of workers?

A

One fifth

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4
Q

How would modernising the USSR strengthen communism?

A

1) would mean that the USSR was less reliant on the capitalist west for goods showing communism could rival capitalism
2) would increase the urban proletariat strengthening communism as most people had to be workers for communism to thrive as an ideal

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5
Q

What did WW1 demonstrate about industry?

A

Only a country with modern weapon art could triumph

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6
Q

What did the first 5 year plan target?

A

Heavy industries (coal, oil, electricity, iron and coal)

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7
Q

What happened to coal and iron under the first five year plan?

A

Both doubled their output

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8
Q

What happened to electrical power under the first five year plan?

A

Production almost trebled

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9
Q

How many new industrial plants were built under the first five year plan?

A

1,500

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10
Q

How many new towns were built under the first five year plan?

A

100

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11
Q

What were the dates of the first five year plan?

A

1928-1932

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12
Q

What were the dates of the second five year plan?

A

1933-1937

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13
Q

What were the dates of the third five year plan?

A

1938-1941 (interrupted by WW2)

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14
Q

What did the second five year plan focus on?

A

Gave heavy industry priority but also focused on communications as it became important to link cities and industrial centres

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15
Q

What did the third five year plan focus on?

A

Developing armaments (tanks, planes, weapons) as WW2 approached

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16
Q

How did the five year plans go against communism?

A

1) Left idea of workers’ control of the factories was left behind as Stalin reintroduced single managers
2) Single managers who did well were richly rewarded receiving large houses and motor cars

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17
Q

What was coal

(a) production in 1927, 1932 and 1937?
(b) production targets in 1932 and 1937?

A

1927: 35 million tonnes
1932: 64 million tonnes (target=75)
1937: 128 million tonnes (target=152)

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18
Q

What was oil

(a) production in 1927, 1932 and 1937?
(b) production targets in 1932 and 1937?

A

1927: 12 million tonnes
1932: 21 million tonnes (target=22)
1937: 29 million tonnes (target=47)

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19
Q

What was pig iron

(a) production in 1927, 1932 and 1937?
(b) production targets in 1932 and 1937?

A

1927: 3 million tonnes
1932: 6 million tonnes (target=10)
1937: 15 million tonnes (target=16)

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20
Q

Describe the Shakhty trial?

A

1) coal miners in the Donbas region fell behind targets
2) 53 engineers were accused of a conspiracy to wreck the Soviet coal-mining industry
3) 5 of the accused were shot

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21
Q

What was the effect do the Shakhty trial?

A

Workers were intimidated so they worked harder (they knew if they were not successful a bad fate awaited you)

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22
Q

Who did Stalin blame for targets not being met?

A

‘Wreckers’ and ‘saboteurs’

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23
Q

How did Stalin improve life for women in Russia?

A

1) set up thousand of new crèches and day care centres for children so women could work
2) provides women with an education
3) women entered the workforce in increasing numbers
4) prior to great retreat divorce was made easy and there was abortion on demand

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24
Q

What percentage of Soviet workers were women in 1935 compared to 1927?

A

1935: 42%
1927: 28%

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25
Q

Who was Alexei Stakhanov?

A

1) worker shop cut 102 tons of coal in one shift with the help of two other workers
2) became a ‘Hero of Socialist Labour’ and used as an example to encourage other Soviet workers to become Stakhanovites

26
Q

How many died in building the Belomor Canal?

A

100,000

27
Q

Did wages increase or fall between 1928 and 1937?

A

Decrease

28
Q

When did Russia become a modern state?

A

1937

29
Q

What percentage of households had more than one room by the end of Stalin’s rule?

A

6%

30
Q

Why did Stalin introduce collectivisation?

A

1) to increase grain output to feed the workers
2) to be able to export grain to other countries in order to fund industrialisation
3) to crush the peasantry

31
Q

How did collectivisation increase grain output?

A

Prior to collectivisation much of the USSR has been farmed in the old inefficient strip method. Stalin set up larger more efficient farms

32
Q

What were Kolkhovs?

A

Collective farms

33
Q

Who were the kulaks?

A

A class of wealthier peasants who owned their own land

34
Q

How did Stalin implement ‘dekulakisation’?

A

Sent 25,000 urban party activists into the countryside to round them up

35
Q

By the end of the collectivisation process how many supposed kulaks had been exiled to Siberia, sent to the gulags or shot?

A

10 million

36
Q

What percentage of peasant households had been collectivised by 1936?

A

90%

37
Q

How did collectivisation crush the peasantry?

A

1) terrified them into submission

2) physicals divided them so they could not unite against them

38
Q

When did Stalin introduce the policy of Dekulakisation?

A

1928

39
Q

What did stalin say about the Kulaks?

A

“We must liquidate the kulaks as a class”

40
Q

When did Stalin call a temporary halt to the collectivisation process?

A

March 1930

41
Q

What did peasants do when when the state attempted to take control of their crops/tools/houses/animal?

A

Burned or slaughtered them rather than hand them over to the state

42
Q

How did Stalin crush peasant riots in response to Collectivisation?

A

Soldiers frequently had to be used to disband them

43
Q

What percentage of cattle, pigs and sheep were slaughtered in 1930 in response to collectivisation?

A

25-30%

44
Q

When did meat production reach pre-Collectivisation levels?

A

1953

45
Q

By 1931 how much grain has stalin collected?

A

23 million tonnes

46
Q

When did the famine caused by collectivisation occur?

A

1932

47
Q

How many people died in the 1932 famine?

A

7 million

48
Q

How much grain did stalin export to other countries in 1932 (during the famine)?

A

1.73 million tonnes

49
Q

When did grain production exceed pre-Collectivisation levels?

A

1935

50
Q

How short of gain was the USSR in 1928?

A

2 million tonnes

51
Q

When did the USSR become the 2nd largest industry in the world (after the USA)?

A

1940

52
Q

How many cars did ford car advisers help the USSR to produce?

A

140,000

53
Q

How did life not improve for women under the rule of stalin?

A

1) most remained in low level industrial jobs
2) difficult to get a promotion
3) state kindergartens did not materialise
4) faces resentment from men

54
Q

What effect did Stalin’s persecution of national groups do to the Finnish population around Leningrad?

A

Caused it to fall by a third

55
Q

How much money a year did mothers receive for each child up to the age of 5?

A

2,000 roubles

56
Q

What was each worker entitled to under stalin which was unknown for ordinary Russians prior to the revolution?

A

A holiday

57
Q

Describe the city of Magnitogorsk (new city built under stalin)

A

1) 10 theatres
2) ballroom dancing available
3) 20,000 people a month went to the cinema
4) home to 250,000 people

58
Q

By 1939 how many churches held regular services?

A

2.5% (1 in 40)

59
Q

How much did the buying power do workers fall by during the first 5 year plan?

A

Over 50%

60
Q

Who were the nomenclatura?

A

The group of people at the very top of society who were loyal to stalin and had all the top jobs in the party and government. They got privileges such as housing, food and clothes.

61
Q

Which 5 year plan focused on luxury/consumer goods?

A

The third 5 year plan

62
Q

Give an example of a city built by stalin during the five year plans?

A

Magnitogorsk

History GCSE (8 decks)

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