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Gross Anatomy 2, mine > The Parotid Gland and Temporal Region > Flashcards

The Parotid Gland and Temporal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the parotid gland?

A

A major salivary gland made up of mainly serous acini.

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2
Q

What type of tissue covers the parotid gland and what are its characteristics?

A

Covered by a connective tissue capsule, that extends as the stylomandibular ligament.May also be an accessory tissue.

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3
Q

What is the characteristic of the structure of the Parotid Duct?

A

Each gland contains only one duct
They insert into the mouth at the upper second molar of each side
Located roughly one fingers breadth away from the zygomatic arch.
Pierces the the pad pad and buccinator to enter the mouth.
Lies onto of masster and buccinator before it pierces through.

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4
Q

The Facial Nerve gives of the branches that supply the muscles of facial expression in this region, what are the branches in order? top to bottom.

A

Temporal, zygomaic, buccal, mandibular and cervical. ( hand on face)***

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5
Q

What arteries does the External Carotid form in this region of the face?

A

The superficial temporal and maxillary.

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6
Q

What joins to form the retromandibular vein?

A

The Superficial temporal and maxillary.

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7
Q

What supplies the Parotid gland with innervation?

A

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers from Glossopharngeal ( via the optic ganglion).
Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers from the plexus around the ECM.

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8
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masster, Temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid.

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9
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve CNV3.

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10
Q

What are the movements of the mandible?

A

Elevation, depression, protrusion, retrusion and lateral sliding.

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11
Q

How is the mandible depressed?

A

By gravity of against force using suprahyoid muscles.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the temporalis muscle?

A

Covered by temporal fascia,
Located in the temporal fossa,
Runs to the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible.

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13
Q

What do the anterior and superior fibers of Temporalis do?

A

Elevate the mandible.

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14
Q

What do the posterior fibers of the temopiralis do?

A

Retract the mandible.

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15
Q

What specific nerve fibers innervate the temporalis?

A

The deep temporal nerve fibers from the anterior division CNV3.

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16
Q

Where do both the upper and lower heads of lateral pterygoid insert into?

A

Neck of the mandible?

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17
Q

Where does the upper head of lateral pterygoid attach ?

A

The infratemporal fossa surface of the sphenoid bone.

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18
Q

Where does the lower head of lateral pterygoid attach?

A

The lateral pterygoid plate.

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19
Q

What is the function of both heads of lateral perygoid?

A

Protrusion bilaterally and lateral chewing unilaterally.

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20
Q

What are the specific fibers that innervate the lateral pterygoid muscles?

A

Nerve to lateral pterygoid CNV3.

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21
Q

What is the insertion of medial pterygoid?

A

Angle of the mandible.

22
Q

What is the attachments of the medial pterygoid?

A

Superficial head from maxilla and deep head from lateral pterygoid plate.

23
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid function?

A

Assist in the elevation of the mandible.

24
Q

What is the specific nerve fibers that innervate the medial pterygoid?

A

Nerve to medial pterygoid CNV3.

25
Q

What is the attachment of the masseter muscle?

A

The zygomatic arch.

26
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?

A

The lateral aspect of ramus of the mandible.

27
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

The elevate the mandible.

28
Q

What is the specific nerve fibres that innervate the masseter?

A

Masserteric nerve from CNV3.

29
Q

What muscles work together to elevate the mandible?

A

Temporalis,
masseter
and medial pterygoid.

30
Q

What muscles work together to depress the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid,
digastric,
geniohyoid
and mylohyoid.

31
Q

What muscles work together to protrude the mandible?

A

Lateral Pterygoid,

Medial Pterygoid also assists.

32
Q

What muscles work together to retrude the mandible?

A

The posterior fibers of temporalis.

33
Q

What muscles work together to perform lateral chewing?

A

The Pterygoid muscles.

34
Q

When do the Motor and sensory roots of CNV3 unite ?

A

After passing through the foramen ovale.

35
Q

What are the branches of CNV3?

A

The meningeal branch,
The nerve to medial pterygoid,
The anterior division,
The posterior division.

36
Q

What branches of the anterior division are motor nerves?

A

Masseteric nerve,
nerve to lateral pterygoid,
Deep temporal nerve.

37
Q

What branches of the anterior division are sensory nerves?

A

The buccal nerve

38
Q

What branches of the posterior division are sensory nerves?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve,

lingual.

39
Q

What branches of the posterior division are both motor and sensory nerves?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve,

mylohyoid nerve.

40
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal.

41
Q

What are the Posterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Occipital artery,
Posterior auricular artery,
Ascending pharyngeal.

42
Q

What are the anterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A

The superior thyroid,
The Lingual,
The facial.

43
Q

Where is the Occipital branch of the posterior divison of external carotid artery?

A

close to the origin of facial, crossed by hypoglossal nerve, it passes under posterior belly of digastric to enter the posterior triangle of the neck.

44
Q

Where is the poster auricular branch of the posterior division of external carotid artery?

A

Level to upper body of the belly of digastric.

45
Q

Where is the ascending pharyngeal branch of posterior division of the external caroitd artery?

A

Lies between the internal carotid and pharynx.

46
Q

Where is the superior thyroid branch of anterior division of the external carotid artery?

A

Lies near the origin and runs with the external laryngeal nerve. branches to SCM and superior laryngeal arteries.

47
Q

Where is the lingual branch of the anterior division of the external carotid artery?

A

lies opposite to the tip of greater cornum of the hyoid bone deep to hyologlossus

48
Q

Where is the fascial branch of the anterior division of the external carotid artery?

A

located above the tip of cornu, deep to posterior belly of digastric.

49
Q

Where is the superficial temporal branch external carotid artery?

A

Smaller branch that ascends in front of the auricle and divides into anterior and posterior.

50
Q

Where is the maxillary branch of external carotid artery?

A

Arises behind the neck of the mandible and branches into muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate and nasal cavity.

51
Q

Where are the lymphatics located within the parotid and temporal regions of the face?

A 
Parotid lymph nodes,
Occipital lymph nodes,
Superficial cervical lymph nodes,
Deep cervical lymph nodes,
Sub-mandibular lymph nodes,
Sub-mental lymph nodes.

Gross Anatomy 2, mine (4 decks)

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