Posterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards
What is the anterior border of the triangle?
The posterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid.
What is the posterior border of the triangle?
The anterior border of the trapezius.
What is the base of the triangle?
The clavicle.
What is the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?
The external jugular vein,
The roots of the brachial plexus,
accessory nerve,
cervical and supracervical lymph nodes.
What are the cutaneous nerves of the posterior triangle?
The lesser occipital (C2), The greater auricular C2,3), The lateral supraclavicular (C3,4), The intermediate supraclavicular (C3,4) The medial Supraclavicular (C3,4).
What is the major vein present in the posterior triangle?
The External Jugular.
what is the origin and attachment of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
Origin - The mastoid process, and partially to nuchal line.
Attachment - Sternum and clavicle.
What is the innervation of the SCM?
Motor - Spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
pain and proprioception - cervical plexus (C2,C3).
What are the functions of the SCM?
Lateral flexion ( by rotation), Extension (at atlanto-occipital joint), Flexion of the cervical vertebrae.
What are the three “parts” of the trapezius muscle?
The ascending part,
The transverse part,
The descending part,
What is the function of the ascending part of the trapezuis?
To depress the scapula.
What is the function of the transverse part of the trapezuis?
To retract the scapula.
What is the function of the descending part of the trapezuis?
To elevate the scapula and rotate the glenoid cavity.
What is the innervation of the trapezuis?
Motor - spinal accessory nerve CNXI,
Proprioception - cervical plexus C3,C4.
What is the overall function of the trapezuis muscle group?
To hold the scapula in position whilst the body is weight bearing.
What are the muscles of the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?
The Omohyoid muscle,
Splenius capitis.
What is the function and innervation of the omohyoid muscle?
Function - to depress the hyoid bone.
Innervation - the ansa cervicalis.
What is the function and innervation of the Splenius capitis?
Function - to extend and rotate the neck.
Innervation - dorsal rami of middle cervical.
What are the muscles of the posterior triangle excluding the muscles of the floor, SCM and Trapezius?
Anterior scalene,
Middle scalene,
levator scapulae,
posterior scalene.
What is the origin and attachment of the levator scapulae?
Origin - the transverse processes of the atlas, axis, 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae.
Attachment - the medial scapular bone between superior angle and medial end of scapular spine.
What is the function of the levator scapulae muscle?
help control the scapular position, elevate the shoulder and when the shoulder is fixed can help laterally flex neck to the same side.
What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?
Direct branches of C3,C4 and C5 via dorsal scapular nerve.
What is the origin and attachment of anterior scalene?
Origin - the transverse processes of C3-6.
Attachment - The scalene tubercle on the first rib.
What is the origin and attachment of the middle scalene?
Origin - the transverse processes of C2-7.
Attachment - The subclavian artery grove on the first rib.
