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Gross Anatomy 2, mine > Anterior Triangle of the Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

The imaginary mid-line of the neck.

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2
Q

What is the posterior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

The anterior border of sternocleidomastoid.

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3
Q

What is the base of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

The Mandibular bone.

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4
Q

What are the divisions of the anterior triangle?

A

The sub-mandibular,
The sub-mental,
The Carotid,
The Muscular.

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5
Q

What are the contents of the sub-mandibular division?

A 
The sub-mandibular salivary glands,
Lymph nodes,
The Facial artery and vein,
Part of the carotid sheath,
The Hypoglossal nerve.
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6
Q

What are the contents of the sub-mental division?

A

The sub-mental lymph nodes,

The beginning of the anterior jugular vein.

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7
Q

What are the contents of the carotid division?

A 
The Carotid sheath,
Branches of the external carotid artery,
The internal jugular vein,
The Hypoglossal nerve,
The The accessory nerve,
The Vagus Nerve.
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8
Q

What are the contents of the muscular division?

A 
Sternohyoid muscle (floor),
Sternothyroid Muscle (floor),
The thyroid gland,
The larynx,
The trachea,
Part of the oesophagus.

“The thyroid, larynx,trachea and oesophagus all lie beneath the muscle floor”

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9
Q

What are the Fascia layers of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Investing layer,
Carotid Sheath,
Pre-vertebral layer,
Pre-Tracheal layer ( visceral and muscular portions).

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10
Q

What are the attachment and origins of the Platysma muscle?

A

Origin - comes from above pec. major and the clavicle,

Attachment - to the lateral neck and the mandible.

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11
Q

What are the key characteristics of the platysma muscle?

A

The platysma is;
A very thin muscle,
High chance of variation,
considered a muscle of Facial Expression!

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma muscle?

A

Facial Nerve CN VII.

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13
Q

What are the veins located in the anterior triangle?

A

The external jugular,
The internal jugular,
The Anterior Jugular (this runs along the “mid-line” of the neck and is not always present).

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14
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A 
The anterior belly of digastric,
The posterior belly of digastic,
The Mylohyoid,
The stylohyoid,
The geniohyoid (located deep to mylohyoid).
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15
Q

What of the suprahyoid muscles are innervated by the Facial Nerve CNVII?

A

The posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid.

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16
Q

what of the suprahyoid muscles are inervated by the Madibular Branch of Trigeminal CNV3

A

The anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid.

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17
Q

What is the functions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

To raise the hyoid bone and depress the mandible.

18
Q

What are the Infrahyoid muscles?

A

The thyrohyoid,
The sternohyoid,
Superior belly of omohyoid,
inferior belly of omohyoid.

19
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

To depress the hyoid bone.

20
Q

What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

The ansa cervicalis , expect from the thyrohyoid muscle which is innervated by direct branches from C1 via the hypoglossal CNXII.

21
Q

What is the cervical plexus?

A

A plexus of nerves made up of the anterior rami of C1 too C4.

22
Q

What types of innervation are present in the cervical plexus?

A

Somatic motor,
Somatic Sensory,
Sympathetic.

23
Q

What are the key characteristics of the cervical plexus?

A

The Rami are joined into loops,
The loops lie anterior to levator scapulae and scalenes medius,
Covered by pre-vertebral layer of deep cervical fascia.=

24
Q

Where is the cervical plexus located ?

A

On top of the fascia of the carotid sheath.

25
Q

Where does the common carotid artery originate from?

A

The left common carotid comes from the arch of the aorta.

The right common carotid comes from the brachiocephalic artery.

26
Q

What are the branches of the common carotid artery?

A

No branches expect terminal branches,

Terminal branches are the external carotid artery and internal carotid artery.

27
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery give its supply to?

A

The brain.

28
Q

Where does the external carotid artery give its supply to?

A

The head, face and neck.

29
Q

Where is the Common carotid artery located?

A

Within the carotid sheath.

30
Q

What cranial nerve is the Vagus nerve?

A

CNX.

31
Q

What are the branches of the vagus nerve CNX?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerves.

32
Q

What is the key structural characteristics of the vagus nerve CNX?

A

The vagus nerve descends into the carotid sheath and then gives off the recurrent laryngeal branches these then loop back up around arteries to innervate the larynx. The left branch loops around the arch of the aorta and the right branch loops around the subclavian artery. whilst these loop around the vagus nerve continues to descend into the superior mediastinum.

33
Q

What is the thyroid gland?

A

The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ.

34
Q

What are the key structures of the thyroid gland?

A

2 lobes,
Isthmus,
Capsule.

35
Q

Where is the Thyroid gland located ?

A

From the lamina of the thyroid cartilage to the 6th tracheal ring.

36
Q

Where is the sub-mandibular salivary glands located?

A

inferior to mylohyoid and part of the floor of the mouth superior to mylohyoid.

37
Q

What are the characteristics of the ducts of the sub-mandibular salivary glands?

A

Only one duct for each of the glands,

Open into the mouth between first and second lower incisors.

38
Q

What is the innervation of the sub-mandibular salivary gland?

A

Facial nerve CNVII.

39
Q

What gives arterial supply to the thyroid gland?

A

The superior thyroid artery (1st Branch of the ECA) and the inferior thyroid artery (branch of the thyrocervical trunk of subclavian).

40
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?

A

The inferior thyroid veins (drains into the left brachiocephalic ),
middle thyroid artery and superior thyroid artery (drain into Internal Jug.)

Gross Anatomy 2, mine (4 decks)

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