The Origins Of The Conflict Flashcards
1450 (5)
Loss of Normandy
Cade’s Rebellion
Duke of Suffolk killed
York returns with the 3 bills
November - Parliament meets
Loss of Normandy (3)
1) Rouen lost 1449
2) Caen lost 1450
3) Somerset surrendered these without any fight - embarrassing for England - especially after he had just replaced York as Lieutenant General in France in 1446.
Cade’s Rebellion (4)
1) Broke out due to opposition to HVI’s favouritism / corrupted government.
2) Broke out due to economic hardship / The Great Slump.
3) Broke out due to support for York to be HVI’s close advisor.
4) Led by Jack Cade who was later deemed a traitor.
York’s 3 bills:
1) Loyalty to the King
2) Condemning loss of Normandy
3) Demanding reforms in accordance with Cade’s Rebellion
November Parliament (4)
1) Speaker was William Oldhall (Yorks supporter)
2) Parliamentary Petition to remove 31 individuals from the King’s Court - Somerset was number 1 on the list
3) Somerset was imprisoned for his own safety.
4) Act of Resumption enacted to try and stabilise English economy.
1451 (1)
Thomas Yonge suggests York should be recognised as heir apparent - he is arrested as a consequence.
1452 (3)
1) February - Dartford
2) March - York presents articles against Somerset to the King - which are dismissed.
3) Somerset ran relatively effective government between 1452 and 1453.
Dartford (3)
1) York and his affinity marched to Dartford to try and force the removal of Somerset.
2) His only noble support was the Lord Cobham and the Earl of Devon.
3) They were met by a Lancastrian army 3x larger and therefore defected.
1453 (5)
1) Gascony lost.
2) HVI catatonic stupor.
3) Ed born.
4)Somerset imprisoned.
5) Oldhall and Jack Cade attainted for treason.
1454 (4)
1) Margaret of Anjou wants to be Protector of England
2) Yorks 1st Protectorate
3) York cannot get support to put Somerset on trial
4) HVI comes out of catatonic stupor - 25th December
Yorks 1st Protectorate (2)
1) 1454-1455
2) Tried to bring justice to areas affected by noble rivalry - e.g., arrested and imprisoned the Duke of Exeter.
1455 (4)
1) Somerset released from Tower - initially must stay 20 miles away from the King - but ultimately all restrictions lifted.
2) Great Council at Leicester organised by HVI to arbitrate issues between York and Somerset.
2)1st Battle of St Albans
3) Yorks 2nd Protectorate.
1st Battle of St Albans (4)
1) May 1455
2) Followed York not attending the GC at Leicester in April 1455 - feared the same fate as Good Duke Humphrey (who was arrested and charged with treason).
3) Battle was won by the Yorkists and Somerset was killed.
4) They captured HVI took him to St Paul’s and pledged their loyalty to him - they also received a Parliamentary Pardon (blaming battle on Somerset and 2 members of his faction who allegedly withheld letters of loyalty from Yorkists).
Yorks 2nd Protectorate (2)
1) 1455-1456
2) Act of Resumption - reclaimed lands of nobility - e.g., Earl of Richmond and the Earl of Pembroke; also reclaimed endowments made to Eton and Kings College.
1456 (3)
1) Margaret of Anjou, replaces the Yorkists in government with Lancastrian supporters, for example, replacing both the great and the privy seal to be led by the Bishop of Winchester and Lawrence Booth
2) Act of Resumption
3) End of Yorks 2nd Protectorate.
1457 (3)
1) Sandwich raided by the French - but it is defended by Warwick
2) Margaret had moved the Great Council from London to Coventry.
3) Furthermore, Margaret stipulated that special honours due to the king would now also be due to the Queen.
1458 (1)
Loveday
Loveday (3)
1) Orchestrated by Margaret of Anjou
2) York, Warwick, and Salisbury were made to pay reparations to the sons of those killed in the 1st Battle of St Albans.
3) 2000 Lancastrians, 1500 Yorkists.
1459 (3)
1) Parliament of Devils (November)
2) Battle of Blore Heath
3) Battle of Ludford Bridge
Parliament of Devils (2)
- Orchestrated by Margaret of Anjou
- Attainted the Yorkists for treason.
Battle of Blore Heath (4)
1) September 1459
2) The Great Council met at Coventry and excluded York, Warwick etc. They aimed to condemn the Yorkists for treason. Following this the Lancastrians attempted to keep York, Warwick and Salisbury divided.
3) The Yorkists were led by Salisbury to success.
4) Lord Audley killed.
Battle of Ludford Bridge (4)
1) October 1459
2) Previously - Battle of Blore Heath + Somserset appointed as Captain of Calais (but position held forcibly by Warwick).
3) After BH - Yorkist retreated to Ludlow. They offered a general pardon, exclude Salisbury as he killed Lord Audley. In the battle they have a stand-off at Ludford Bridge before the Yorkists disperse.
4) York and younger son Rutland flee to Ireland. Edward, Earl of March, Salisbury, and Warwick flee to Calais.
