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A-level History- War of the Roses > The origins of conflict, 1450–1459 > Flashcards

The origins of conflict, 1450–1459 Flashcards

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1
Q

How old was Henry VI when he became King and why is it significant?

A

16, this was the youngest ever King of England to assume personal control

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2
Q

Why did the percy- neville dispute begin?

A

they both wanted to be the number one power in the North

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3
Q

What was the significance of the cade rebellion?

A
  • second biggest rebellion in English history
  • removed several key figures in the lancastrian government
  • shows Henry as a weak king
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4
Q

What were the causes of Cades rebellion?

A
  • Loss of Normandy in 1449/50 (humiliation)
  • English men with property in France lost all there land
  • Split the government because they wanted to blame someone
  • Duke of suffolk was hated because of the marriage of the king (treaty of Tours 1444) and corruption
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5
Q

How much money was the lancastrian government in debt in 1450?

A

£372,000

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6
Q

What enhanced the dispute between the Earl of devon and Sir William Bonville?

A

Henry gave Devon the stewardship of the duchy of cornwall in 1441 which had previously belonged to Bonville

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7
Q

explain the promotion of the Duke of Suffolk

A

1433- made the Kings Steward
1444- Made a Marquis
1447- Made Chamberlain
1448- Made a duke (usually only family members receive this)

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8
Q

How much debt had Henry inherited in 1433?

A

£164,815

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9
Q

When was henrys first bout of catatonic insanity and why?

A

August 1453- supposedly because he heard that the Earl of Shrewsbury had lost the battle of Castillion which meant England lost Gascony and the 100 years war

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10
Q

When was henrys second bout of insanity?

A

after the 1st battle of St Alban’s in May 1455

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11
Q

What relation was the Duke of Norfolk to Richard, Duke of York?

A

Nephew

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12
Q

When was the battle of Dartford?

A

March 1452

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13
Q

Who were the only nobles to support York at Dartford?

A

Earl of Devon and Lord Cobham

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14
Q

What primary evidence showed that people were worrying about the kings finances?

A

Parliaments two acts of Resumption in 1450 and 1451 which they would not grant the king any further tax and demanded the return of the land that Henry had alienated

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15
Q

Did Henry follow the rules of the Acts of Resumption in 1450 and 51?

A

No he ensured 186 exemptions to the Acts of Resumptions meaning that his household men only had to give back a third of what they had gained

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16
Q

When was the Duke of York confirmed as Protector the first time?

A

27th March 1454

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17
Q

Why was York made protector?

A

He was the most senior male relative of the king

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18
Q

What does the Duke of Norfolk do in 1453 to get Somerset arrested?

A

Accuses him of treason

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19
Q

When is Somerset arrested?

A

November 1453

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20
Q

when was Henry VI’s son, Edward of Lancaster born?

A

13th October 1453

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21
Q

which good man died in March 1454 and why was it significant?

A

Cardinal John Kemp- he had stopped York from getting to powerful

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22
Q

who does York appoint as chancellor in 1454 and what does this result in?

A

Richard Neville, earl of Salisbury. Somerset, percies all ally to the queen leading to factionism

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23
Q

when was the rebellion of Exeter and Egremont

A

summer 1454

24
Q

when was the 1st battle of st albans?

A

22nd May 1455

25
Q

Who died at the 1st battle of St. Albans

A

Northumberland, Somerset, Clifford

26
Q

what were the dates of Yorks second protectorate?

A

August 1455- February 1456

27
Q

how much money was York owed by the crown in 1445

A

£38,666

28
Q

Who proposed that york should be confirmed as heir in parliament in 1451

A

Thomas Younge

29
Q

who was confirmed as Captain of Calais in Yorks second protectorate?

A

Earl of Warwick

30
Q

Who is running the country between 1456 and 1459

A

Margaret of Anjou

31
Q

Where does the queen move the King to and who does this upset

A

Kenilworth Palace, Coventry- Upsets Londoners because they like to be associated with the King therefore it becomes more pro Yorkist

32
Q

Who did Suffolk release back to the French in 1440?

A

Charles, Duke of Orleans

33
Q

How long was Suffolk supposed to be exiled for in France?

A

5 years

34
Q

What ended up happening to Suffolk on the 2nd May 1450

A

A mutinied boat called Nicholas of the tower intercepted him and killed him with a rusty sword

35
Q

When was Jack Cade captured?

A

12th July 1450

36
Q

Who was killed in london during Cades Rebellion?

A

Lord Saye

37
Q

When was Love day?

A

25th March 1458

38
Q

Does Love day work?

A

No both the percies and the Nevilles continue fighting

39
Q

When did someone try to assassinate Warwick in London and what did he do in response?

A

August 1458- flees to calais

40
Q

Who are excluded from the Great council in June 1459?

A

York, Salisbury, Warwick, Bourchier, Earl of Arundel

41
Q

How does the battle of Blore heath occur?

A

York calls his allies to ludford and to bring support. Salisbury is intercepted by Lord Audley when marching his army through the Midlands

42
Q

When was the battle of Blore Heath?

A

23rd September 1459

43
Q

What is the result of the Battle of Blore heath?

A

Salisbury wins and Lord Audley is killed

44
Q

When is the battle of Ludford Bridge?

A

12th October 1459

45
Q

Who swapped sides at the Battle of Ludford Bridge?

A

Andrew Trollope and his calais Garrison who had been with warwick since he was the Captain of Calais. Key part of Yorkist army

46
Q

What happens at the battle of Ludford Bridge?

A
  • Lancastrian army is double the size of the Yorkist one
  • The King promises anyone that swaps side pardon
  • Andy Trollope swaps sides
  • Yorkist realise they cant win and flee
47
Q

Which Yorkists go to Ireland after the Battle of Ludford Bridge?

A

York and the Earl of Rutland (Yorks Son, Edmund)

48
Q

Which Yorkists flee to calais after the battle of Ludford Bridge?

A

Warwick, Salisbury, Earl of march ( Yorks other son, Edward)

49
Q

What happens at the parliament of November 1459?

A

All the Yorkists are attainted

50
Q

what is the parliament of November 1459 nicknamed?

A

parliament of Devils

51
Q

Why does the parliament of Devils intensify the quarrel?

A

forces war because the yorkist land has been seized

52
Q

What does the south of England do after the parliament of Devils?

A

Sympathises with the yorkists

53
Q

How many rebels were attainted at the parliament of Devils?

A

27

54
Q

What happened in August 1453?

A

A Lancastrian force of 700 soldiers, led by Lord Egremont, attacked the Nevilles at Heworth moor

55
Q

`Why did the battle of Heworth Moor happen?

A

The Nevilles had inherited two valuable manors from the Percies

A-level History- War of the Roses (6 decks)

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