The Origin of the Earth

Question 1

What are some of the lines of evidence that support the big bang theory

Answer 1

Spectroscopy

Question 2

Define Spectroscopy???

Answer 2

measures the spectra produced when a material emits electromagnetic radiation. Each wavelength signature matches a specific element. Spectroscopy tells us the sun is mostly hydrogen and helium. It tells us hydrogen makes up 74% of all matter in the universe

Question 3

How much matter does hydrogen make up in the universe***test question

Answer 3

74%

Question 4

Define Redshift???

Answer 4

The Doppler effect changes the pitch of the sound of an approaching ambulance from high to low as it passes. The ambulance emits sounds waves that get compressed when moving toward you (higher pitch) and extended (low pitch) as it goes by
Light does the same thing. If the universe is expanding away from us then light wavelengths from these galaxies are extended –visible light is shifted to RED. It is, some more than other.

Question 5

Define Cosmic Microwave background radiation???

Answer 5

Faint traces of energy across the universe- left behind from the big-bang like an Echo.

Question 6

What are the empirical lines of evidence to explain the big bang theory***test question

Answer 6

Stellar Evolution
Redshift
Cosmic Microwave Background radiation
Spectroscopy

Question 7

Define Stellar evolution???

Answer 7

Astronomers think the big-bang created mostly hydrogen and some helium. Another process must have created the other 90 heavier elements. Thus

Question 8

Define a Nebula???

Answer 8

In a more massive star the collapse of the core suddenly halts creating an energetic explosion with so much energy that the energy release and ensuing fusion can make every element up to uranium. This explosion creates a nebula. Produced by a supernova

Question 9

Define Fusion

Answer 9

Fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more nuclei are forced together into larger, heavier atoms. In our sun, hydrogen into helium, and the higher energy expands the star.

Question 10

Define the characteristics of our sun

Answer 10

The sun accounts for 98.8 of total mass in our solar system. Its Chemical composition is: Hydrogen: ~73 %, helium: ~ 25%, minor elements.
Temperature at the interior of the Sun: ~ 20 million Celsius degree
The amount of radiation received by a planet from the Sun is inversely proportional with the distance from the Sun.

Question 11

Define the Nebular Hypothesis and Bowens Reaction Series*** possible question

Answer 11

The spinning nebular cloud accumulated heavy and light elements in space, close to the center the temperature was so high that only some metals and silicate minerals formed thus rocky planets were created closer to the center and as the temperatures were cooler farther out, allowing condensation of lighter gaseous molecules to accumulate into planets.

Question 12

Define the Hadean Eon time period

Answer 12

In the first earth eon, the surface was mostly defined by abundant volcanism and astroid impacts, any rocks at the surface were recycled. As earth cooled, water began to accumulate.

Question 13

How do asteroids play into the hadean time period and dating

Answer 13

We dated Zircons from asteroids to determine as the surface was mostly molten lava.

Question 14

Define the origin and formation of the moon

Answer 14

Very early in formation, earth and moon became tidally locked, 28 day rotation around the earth and around itself.

Question 15

What evidence is there for moon impact theory

Answer 15

Rocks collected from space missions and asteroids support this.