the origin of species speciation and macroevolution

Question 1

biological species concept will only apply to

Answer 1

sexual repoduction

Question 2

species

Answer 2

consists of 1+ populations whose members are capable of inbreeding in nature to produce fertile offspring and do no inbreed with members of different species

Question 3

sexual reproduction

Answer 3

makes the concept limited

Question 4

the mechanism of the species concept is

Answer 4

reproductive iosolation

Question 5

species are very _____ kind of organisms

Answer 5

distinct

Question 6

what do scientist compare species

Answer 6

morphology (shape,structure,phiysiology,biochemistry) they also look at there dna sequnces

Question 7

two types of finches distinct species because

Answer 7

they have been proved to be diff. species because of there song and behavior. its different enough to prevent inbreeding

Question 8

humans are diverse but considered one species because

Answer 8

they are capable of inbreeding in nautre

Question 9

reproductive isolating mechanism

Answer 9

prevents inbreeding between 2 species

Question 10

though the two species may eat the same thing, same enviorment,same behavior and it amy all overlap but

Answer 10

inbreeding will be prevented some way

Question 11

reproductive isolating mechanism will preserve genetic integrity which means

Answer 11

gene pools will stay seperate

Question 12

reproductive isolating prevents

Answer 12

gene flow between 2 gene pools

Question 13

reproductive isolation is the key to

Answer 13

speciation

Question 14

prezygotic barrier

Answer 14

prevents fertilization

Question 15

postzygotic barrier

Answer 15

a mechanism that blocks reproduction after fertilization and zygote formation

prevents gene flow when fertilization occurs

Question 16

in prezygotic the interspecific

Answer 16

zygote never gets made

Question 17

types of prezygotic barriers

Answer 17

temporal isolation
habitat isolation
behavior isolation
mechanical isolation
gametic isolation

Question 18

individuals of diffrent species what types of prezygotic barriers

Answer 18

habitat
temporal
behavorial

Question 19

making zygote attempt what types of prezygotic barriers

Answer 19

mechanical
gametic

Question 20

temporal

Answer 20

different times diff.species will be open to reproduction

Question 21

temporal can be as long as

Answer 21

days,season,year

Question 22

matiing at diffrent times will be

Answer 22

blocking interbreeding

Question 23

habitat

Answer 23

same geographical area, different habitats

Question 24

there are a lot of sub habitats so

Answer 24

species don’t come in contact

Question 25

behavioral ( most noticeable) (AKA sexual isolation)

Answer 25

courtships (signals before mating)

Question 26

a courship riutal will only be responded to by the

Answer 26

organism from the same species. the other species will not respond because there species have a different courtship ritual

Question 27

mechanical

Answer 27

incompatible structures of a genital organs

Question 28

mechanica are just what type of difffrences

Answer 28

morphological (shape and structure changes)

Question 29

gametic

Answer 29

egg and sperm incompatible after mating the zygote will never be made

Question 30

postzygotic barriers what are the 3 thing that can happen

Answer 30

hybrid inviability hybrid fertility hybrid break down

Question 31

hybrid inviability

Answer 31

Hybrids fail to develop or reach sexual maturity.

Question 32

hybrid sterility

Answer 32

interspecific hybrid lives but can't reproduce

Question 33

hybrid breakdown

Answer 33

inability of a hybrid to reproduce due to some defect it happens mostly with the f2

Question 34

hybrids will be formed

Answer 34

but the offsprings are different and things are wrong with them

Question 35

the even that happens often during hybrid inviability is

Answer 35

spontaneous abrotion

Question 36

when does spontaneous abortions happen

Answer 36

when genes do not interact properly

Question 37

when spontaneous abortion doesn't happen

Answer 37

hybrids are born and sterile

Question 38

what causes hybrid sterelity

Answer 38

incompatible courtship w/parent species

Question 39

gametes of hybrids are abnormal during

Answer 39

meiosis which cause different chromosome numbers

Question 40

example of hybrid breakdown is

Answer 40

as generations of flowers continue to keep coming form hybrids they become weaker and the next gen will slowly become sterile

Question 41

when has speciation occurs

Answer 41

population is sufficiently different from its ancestral species that no genetic exchange can occur between them no shuffling of the alleles between gene pools,no gene flow with all kinds of reproductive isolation

Question 42

2 ways speciation can occur

Answer 42

allopatric sympatric

Question 43

allopatric speciation is when

Answer 43

occurs when 1 population becomes geographically separated from the rest of the species and then evolves by natural selection and or genetic drift small populations migrates or disperses they will colonize a new area

Question 44

sympatric speciation

Answer 44

new species evolves within same geographical region as the parent species (geographically overlapping) very common in plants

Question 45

what is the most common method of speciation

Answer 45

allopatric speciation

Question 46

what can cause geographic isolation for allopatric speciation

Answer 46

changing of rivers,glaciers,mountains,land bridges,lakes

Question 47

allopatric speciation can affect_____ for example

Answer 47

different animals in different ways

Question 48

disperced ex

Answer 48

storms can cause dispersion and move organisms to diff. area

Question 49

2 ways sympatric speciation can occur

Answer 49

ploidy (chromosomal) ecology

Question 50

sympatric speciation is often divergent

Answer 50

of the gene pools when some sort of reproductive barrier starts

Question 51

polyploidy

Answer 51

2+ chromosome sets happens in plants and it rapid speciation

Question 52

autoploidy

Answer 52

multiple sets of chromosomes from a single species (slide 24)

Question 53

allopolyploidy

Answer 53

multiple sets of chromosomes form 2+ species (slide 25)

Question 54

allopolyploidy=

Answer 54

new species

Question 55

the old species will either

Answer 55

go extinct or co exist or be will be replaced by offspring species

Question 56

ecology examples

Answer 56

parasitic insects fruit maggot flies -switched host from hawthorn tree fruits to domestic apples

Question 57

allopatric speciation first isolates gene pool------->

Answer 57

microevoloution----->new species

Question 58

mutation in ecology leads to

Answer 58

disruptive selection and leads to different ecological opportunity