The Organization of knowledge in the mind (CHAPTER 8)

Question 1

People with autism who have an extraordinary ability have been called?

Answer 1

Autistic savants

Question 2

the use of multiple approaches and techniques to address a problem?

Answer 2

converging operations

Question 3

An idea about something that provides a means of understanding the world is a?

Answer 3

concept

Question 4

is the fundamental unit of symbolic knowledge, or knowledge of correspondence between symbols and their meaning?

Answer 4

concept

Question 5

how do we organize concepts?
- is a hierarchy of concepts?
- is a concept with members?

Answer 5

category

Question 6

is a group of items into which different objects
or particular concepts can be placed that belong together because they share some common features, or because they are all similar to a certain prototype?

Answer 6

category

Question 7

categories can be subdivided into 2: what are they?

Answer 7

Natural Categories
Artifact Categories

Question 8

are groupings that occur naturally in the world, like birds or trees?

Answer 8

Natural Categories

Question 9

are groupings that are designed or invented by humans to serve
particular purposes or functions, like automobiles and kitchen appliances?

Answer 9

Artifact categories

Question 10

what do u call the categories that is not stable and are created to achieve goals in everyday life or for a specific purpose?

Answer 10

Ad hoc categories

Question 11

Categories appear to have a_________, a level within a hierarchy that is preferred to other levels?

Answer 11

basic level or natural level

Question 12

is an essential element of the concept and uniquely define the concept?

Answer 12

defining features

Question 13

what theory takes a different approach: grouping things together not by their
defining features but rather by their similarity to an averaged model of the category?

Answer 13

Prototype theory

Question 14

is an abstract average of all
the objects in the category we previously have encountered?

Answer 14

Prototype

Question 15

crucial for prototypes are?

Answer 15

characteristic features

Question 16

2 different kinds of concepts?

Answer 16

classical concepts and fuzzy concepts

Question 17

are categories that can be readily defined through defining features, such as bachelor?

Answer 17

classical concepts

Question 18

are categories
that cannot be so easily defined, such as game or death?

Answer 18

fuzzy concepts

Question 19

Classical concepts and categories are built on?

Answer 19

defining features

Question 20

fuzzy concepts and categories are built around?

Answer 20

prototypes

Question 21

are typical representatives of a category?

Answer 21

exemplars

Question 22

a theory that suggests that prototypes
and exemplars are just the two extremes on a continuum of abstraction?

Answer 22

varying abstraction model or VAM

Question 23

refers to the defining features something must have to be considered
an example of a category?

Answer 23

core