Chapter 5: Memory, models and research methods Flashcards
People who are subjective to jetlag with less than 2 weeks of recovery time perform worse on?
Spatial memory test
It was said that 5 days to recover from jetlag had a______ lobe?
small temporal lobe
Is the means which we retain and draw information from our past experiences to use in the present?
Memory
Refers to the dynamic mechanisms associated with storing, retaining and retrieving information about past experience
Memory
What are 3 commons operations of memory?
Encoding
storage
retrieval
In________. you transform sensory data into a form of mental representation
encoding
In____, you keep encoded information in memory
Storage
In_____, you pull out or use information stored in memory
retrieval
In___, you produce a fact, a word, or other item from memory
recall
Examples of recall through test?
Fill in the blanks and essay
You select or identify an item as being one that you have been exposed to previously,
Recognition
Examples of recognition through test?
multiple choice, and true or false
What are 3 main types of recall task?
Serial recall task
Free recall task
Cued recall task
What type of recall task, you recall items in the exact order in which they were presented?
serial recall task
What task requires you must consciously recall particular information?
explicit memory task
What task requires you must recall facts?
declarative knowledge task
What task requires you must you must remember learned skills and automatic behaviors
Procedural knowledge task
What task requires you must you recall items in any order you choose
free recall task
What task requires you in which you are first shown items in pair and ask to recall each mate?
Cued recall task
Cued recall is also called?
Paired associates recall
What do you call the number of trials it takes to learn once again items that were learned from the past?
Relearning
Relearning has also been referred to as ?
savings
What kind of animals that was observed in the relearning effect?
fetal rats
t/f: Recognition memory is much better than recall
t
How many pictures are recognized in a recognition memory task?
2,000
How many items are best measured recall performance?
80 items
Task that generally elicits deeper levels of information processing
anticipating recall task
Recognition memory task is referred?
tapping receptive knowledge
It means responsive to the stimulus?
receptive
What tasks where you respond to the stimuli presented to you and decide whether you have seen them before or not?
recognition memory task
What tasks where you have to produce an answer, require expressive knowledge?
recall memory task
What memory is used when they recall or recognized words, facts, pictures from a particular prior set of items?
Explicit memory
What memory task used in this example: Who wrote Hamlet?
explicit memory task
What memory task used in this example: What is your first name?
Declarative knowledge task
What memory task used in this example: fill in the blanks: “The term for person who suffer severe memory impairement__________?”
Recall tasks
What memory task used in this example: If you were shown the digits 2-8-7-1-6-4, you would
be expected to repeat “2-8-7-1-6-4,” in exactly that
order.
Serial recall task
What memory task used in this example:If you were presented with the word list “dog, pencil,
time, hair, monkey, restaurant,” you would receive
full credit if you repeated “monkey, restaurant, dog,
pencil, time, hair.”
Free recall task
What memory task used in this example: Suppose that you were given the following list of
pairs: “time-city, mist-home, switch-paper, creditday, fist-cloud, number-branch.” Later, when you
were given the stimulus “switch,” you would be
expected to say “paper,” and so on.
Cued recall task
What memory task used in this example: Multiple-choice and true-false tests involve recognition. For example, “The term for people
with outstanding memory ability is (1) amnesics,
(2) semanticists, (3) mnemonists, or (4) retrograders.”
Recognition task
What memory task used in this example: You
would be presented with a word fragment, such
as the first three letters of a word; then you would
be asked to complete the word fragment with the
first word that comes to mind. For example, suppose that you were asked to supply the missing
three letters to fill in these blanks and form a word:
e_or.
Implicit memory task
If you were asked to demonstrate a “knowinghow” skill, you might be given experience in solving puzzles or in reading mirror writing, and then
you would be asked to show what you remember
of how to use those skills
Procedural knowledge task
helps us to complete incomplete words we
encounter without our even being consciously aware of it.
Implicit memory
T/F: Implicit memory changes over the life span; Explicit memory does not show the same
changes.
False
What are two tasks that involve implicit memory?
Priming task and procedural task
Is the facilitation of your ability to
utilize missing information.
Priming
In the laboratory, procedural memory is sometimes examined with 2 task?
Rotary pursuit task and mirror tracing task
task requires participants
to maintain contact between an L-shaped stylus and a small rotating disk
Rotary pursuit task
A task, where a plate with the outline of a shape drawn on
it is put behind a barrier where it cannot be seen?
Mirror tracing task
What kind of task used to study the impact of sleep on procedural
memory. Patients suffering from schizophrenia often have memory deficits as well
as sleep problems.
mirror tracing task
what model that assume that both
implicit and explicit memory influence almost all responses. The model assumes that implicit and explicit memory both
have a role in virtually every response. Thus, only one task is needed to measure both of
these processes.
process dissociation task
Who proposed a model of memory distinguishing two structures of memory first?
WILLIAM JAMES
memory which holds temporary
information currently in use? based on William james
Primary memory
Memory, which holds information permanently or at least for a very long time ? based on William james
Secondary memory
Who proposed an alternative model that conceptualized memory in terms of three memory stores:
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrins
What are three memory stores: three memory stores:
Sensory store
short term store
long term store
capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information for
very brief periods
Sensory store
capable of storing information for somewhat longer periods
but of relatively limited capacity as well
short term store
capable of very large capacity and of storing information
for very long periods, perhaps even indefinitely
long term store
What is the structures for holding information called?
stores
What do you call the the information stored in the structures?
Memory
