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(O) Anatomy > The Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

The Orbit and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

limbus

A

border between the cornea and the sclera

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2
Q

punctum

A

where the lacrimal fluid drains into

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3
Q

conjunctival fornix

A

line of reflection from the eyelid and the conjunctiva

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4
Q

how does the cornea get nutrients

A

lacrimal fluid

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5
Q

what are the 2 layers of the outer fibrous layer of the eye

A
  • sclera

- cornea

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6
Q

what does the sclera cover and how many muscles attach to it

A

5/6 of the posterior eye

6/7 extra-ocular muscles

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7
Q

what does the cornea cover

A

anterior 1/6 of the eye

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8
Q

what is the middle layer of the eye called, is a/vascular

A
  • uvea

- highly vascular

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9
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uvea

A
  • iris
  • ciliary body
  • choroid
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10
Q

where is the iris and what does it control

A
  • on the anterior surface of the lens

- controls pupil diameter

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11
Q

where is the ciliary body and what is its functions

A
  • posterolateral to the lens

- controls iris, shape of lens and secretion of aqueous humour

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12
Q

what and where is the choroid and what it its function

A
  • dense vascular bed engorged with blood
  • lines most of the sclera
  • provides nutrition and gas exchange
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13
Q

what is the internal layer of the eye

A

retina

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14
Q

what are the 3 parts of the retina (that we need to know)

A
  • macula
  • optic disc
  • retina
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15
Q

where is the anterior chamber

A

front of the lens is between the cornea and iris of the eye

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16
Q

where is the posterior chamber

A

between the iris and suspensory ligaments

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17
Q

what is the anterior segment divided into

A

anterior and the posterior chambers

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18
Q

what is in the posterior segment

A

vitreous body

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19
Q

what is the vitreous humour

A

a jelly-like substance that transmits light, helps hold the retina in place and helps support the lens

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20
Q

where is a common location for ‘floaters’

A

vitrous body

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21
Q

where is the iridocorneal angle

A

between the cornea and anterior surface of the iris

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22
Q

what does the iridocorneal angle contain

A

trabecular tissue for drainage of aqueous humour into the scleral venous sinus

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23
Q

describe the circulation of aqueous humour

A

ciliary body produces aqueous and ciliary processes secrete it
flows into posterior chamber
passes through pupil to anterior chamber
reabsorbed in venous plexus at iridocorneal angle

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24
Q

what does the ciliary body consist of

A

smooth muscle and blood vessels

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25
Q

in what chamber does the aqueous nourish the lens

A

posterior

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26
Q

in what chamber does the aqueous nourish the cornea

A

anterior

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27
Q

what is intra-ocular pressure established by

A

the balance between the production and reabsorption of aqueous

28
Q

what is the main arterial supply to the eye

A

ophthalmic artery

29
Q

where does the ophthalmic artery branch from

A

internal carotid

30
Q

how does the ophthalmic artery pass into the orbit

A

through the optic canal

31
Q

what artery supplies some structures of the floor of the orbit

A

infra-orbital artery

32
Q

where does the infra-orbital artery branch from

A

internal carotid

33
Q

what arteries are the main supply to the choroid

A

ciliary arteries

34
Q

where do the ciliary arteries branch from

A

ophthalmic artery

35
Q

how does the central artery of the retina get to the retina

A

pierces through optic sheath and travels with the optic nerve to the internal retina

36
Q

what is the only blood supply and drainage of the retina

A

central artery and vein

37
Q

what is the main drainage of the orbit

A

superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

38
Q

how do the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins exit the orbit and drain

A

via the orbital fissure to drain into the cavernous sinus

the inferior ophthalmic will usually meet the superior ophthalmic before draining into the cavernous sinus

39
Q

where does the central vein drain into

A

usually drains into the cavernous sinus but may join the superior ophthalmic vein

40
Q

what vein also drains into the pterygoid plexus

A

inferior ophthalmic

41
Q

where does the pterygoid plexus sit

A

around the pterygoid muscles

42
Q

what veins connect to the superficial veins of the face

A

both ophthalmic veins

43
Q

what is the ‘danger triangle’ of the face

A

any cut or infection of facial veins may allow spread back to the cranial cavity

44
Q

what is the fundus

A

posterior area of the retina where light is focused

45
Q

what is used to visualise the fundus

A

fundoscopy

46
Q

what 3 structures are within the fundus

A
  • Optic disc
  • Macula
  • Fovea
47
Q

what is the optic disc

A

point of CN II formation and only point of entry/exit for blood vessels and axons of CN II

48
Q

why is the optic disc called the ‘blind spot’

A

no photoreceptors present and so it is insensitive to light

49
Q

what is the macula and what is its function

A
  • area of the greatest density of cones

- it is highly specialised for acute vision

50
Q

where is the fovea and what is its function

A
  • 1.5mm dip in the centre of the macula

- area of most acute vision

51
Q

posterior layer of the retina and its function

A
  • photoreceptors

- pick up light when it hits the retina

52
Q

layer of the retina anterior to the photoreceptors

A

ganglion cells, nerves synapse here

53
Q

where are the retinal vessels located

A

just anterior to the retina

54
Q

bones of the orbit

A
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • maxilla
  • lacrimal
  • frontal
  • palatine
  • zygomatic
55
Q

what are orbital plates and what bones have them

A

flat smooth areas of bone

frontal, ethmoid and maxilla

56
Q

where is the optic canal located

A

posterolaterally

57
Q

where is the superior orbital fissure and what nerves pass through there

A

between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid

CN III, IV, VI

58
Q

where does the supraorbital NVB pass through and what is its nerve a branch of

A

supraorbital notch

ophthalmic division of trigeminal

59
Q

where does the infraorbital NVB pass through and what is its nerve a branch of

A

infraorbital notch

maxillary division of trigeminal

60
Q

shape of the orbit

A

pyramidal

61
Q

orbital rim is made up of

A

maxillary and zygomatic inferiorly and frontal bone superiorly

62
Q

where does the orbit face

A

anterolaterally

63
Q

what bones in the orbit are liable to fracture

A

orbital plates

64
Q

where does the orbital rim fracture (if it does)

A

along its sutures

65
Q

trapdoor fracture

A

bone fractures but a part is still attached, stuff can get trapped

(O) Anatomy (5 decks)

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