Innervation of the Eye and Face

Question 1

autonomic innervation of the skin

Answer 1

sympathetic - arterioles, sweat glands and arrector muscles

Question 2

autonomic innervation of the eye

Answer 2

smooth muscles of iris and ciliary body associated with lens

Question 3

autonomic innervation of the lacrimal glands

Answer 3

lacrimal fluid production

Question 4

autonomic innervation of the salivary glands

Answer 4

salvia production

Question 5

where do the head and neck presynaptic axons exit the spinal cord

Answer 5

T1

Question 6

where do the head and neck presynaptic axons synapse

Answer 6

superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Question 7

describe the path of postsynaptic sympathetic axons to the head and neck

Answer 7

enter internal and external carotid nerves and pass onto the carotid surfaces, carried to organs of the head
ophthalmic artery carries sympathetic axons to the orbit

Question 8

what and where is the ciliary ganglion

Answer 8

parasympathetic ganglion

in bony orbit

Question 9

CN III and the ciliary ganglion

Answer 9

synapses in the ganglion then passes out to supply the smooth muscle of the eye

Question 10

what fibres pass through the ciliary ganglion

Answer 10

general sensory, sympathetic, CN III and other parasympathetic nerves

Question 11

what nerve is the only nerve to synapse in the ciliary ganglion

Answer 11

CN III

Question 12

what nerve is superior to the ciliary ganglion, what type of nerve is it and what does it supply

Answer 12

• long ciliary nerve
• general sensory and sympathetic nerve
• supply the eye

Question 13

where does CN III emerge

Answer 13

junction of the midbrain and the pons

Question 14

describe the intracranial course of CN III

Answer 14

passes through the cavernous sinus and exits via the superior orbital fissure

Question 15

where and what does CN III supply

Answer 15

• somatic motor nerves

- extraocular muscles of the eye

Question 16

after synapsing in the ciliary ganglion, what does CN III split into

Answer 16

inferior and superior divisions

Question 17

where does the trigeminal nerve originate

Answer 17

lateral pons

Question 18

what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 18

CN V1 - ophthalmic
CN V2 - maxillary
CN V3 - mandibular

Question 19

what does CN V1 supply

Answer 19

• upper eyelid
• cornea
• conjunctiva

Question 20

what does CN V2 supply

Answer 20

• Skin of lower eyelid
• Skin over the maxilla
• Wings of nose

Question 21

what does CN V3 supply

Answer 21

• Skin over mandible and TMJ
• Except angle of mandible
• Lower lip

Question 22

what divisions of CN V are only sensory innervation

Answer 22

CN V1 and CN V2

Question 23

what nerve innervates the lacrimal glands

Answer 23

CN VII

Question 24

where does the CN VII enter the cranium

Answer 24

at the internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

Question 25

how are the optic nerves organised

Answer 25

anterior extension of the forebrain, fibres arranged into bundles called CNS tracts

Question 26

does CN IV have a long or short intracranial course

Answer 26

long

Question 27

describe the course of CN VI

Answer 27

originates from the dorsal surface of the midbrain and winds around the brainstem and crosses the dura mater below the tentorium cerebelli free border

Question 28

does CN VI have a long or short intracranial course

Answer 28

long

Question 29

describe the course of CN VI

Answer 29

runs through the subarachnoid space, crosses peetres ridge (susceptible to stretching or compression)