The Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards
Describe the 3 phases of swallowing?
1) Oral: voluntary
2) Pharyngeal: involuntary
3) Oesophageal: involuntary
What are the four muscles of mastication? Which open and which close the mouth?
Close mouth:
Medial pterygoid, masseter and temporalis
Open mouth:
Lateral pterygoid
All the muscles of mastication are innervated by?
CNV3
Which muscle of mastication originates on the coronoid process of the mandible and fans out on the temporal fossa?
Temporalis
Which muscle of mastication originates from the condyle of the mandible and inserts onto the pterygoid plate of the spenhoid bone?
Lateral pterygoid
Which muscle of mastication originates on the angle of the mandible and inserts onto the ptergoid plate of the sphenoid bone?
Medial pterygoid
Name 2 accessory muscles of mastication?
Orbicularis Oris
Buccinator
What is the function of orbicularis oris? What does it look like?
It is a circular muscle around the lips
It forms the labial (lips) seal and stops food spilling out
What is the function of the buccinator?
It tightens the cheeks and bushes food from the buccal side (cheek) into the midline lingual side (tongue)
What are the 4 pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles?
superior and inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical
What are the 4 pairs of extrinsic tongue muscles?
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
What is the role of all tongue muscles?
Manipulate the bolus and align it between the dentition and push it against the hard palate
All tongue muscles are innervated by __1____ except __2____
1) hypoglossal nerve
2) palatoglossus which is vagus
What bones make up the palate?
left and right maxilla
left and right palatine bones
What is the soft palate made up of?
Several muscles and connective tissue
What does the soft palate do in the oral phase?
It depresses to create a oropharyngeal seal and the tongue ‘ripples’ the bolus posteriorly.
Sensation to the palate is provided by?
CNV2
Sensation to the superior gingiva is provided by __1____ and to the inferior is provided by __2____
1) CNV2
2) CNV3
What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands? What do they secrete by?
parotid, sublingual and submandibular
Parotid- opposite second upper molar
Sublingual- glands in floor of mouth
Submandibular- lingual caruncle
What are the salivary glands innervated by?
parotid > CNIX
Submandibular > CNVII
Sublingual > CNVII
What are the names of all the tonsils?
2 tubal tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
Pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils
Lingual tonsil
What do tonsils contain?
Lymphoid tissue
The pharynx extends to the _____1_______
The oesophagus begins at _____2_______
The larynx becomes the trachea at _____3_______
1) inferior border of cricoid cartilage anteriorly and the inferior border of C6 posteriorly
2) C6
3) C6
The nose opens into the nasopharynx through _____
two chonae > paired openings
The nerve supply to the pharynx derives from the _____1______ plexus of nerves. Motor fibres in the plexus are derived from the ___2___ supplying _____3_____
Sensory fibres are derived from __4______
1) the pharyngeal plexus
2) vagus nerve
3) all the muscles of the pharynx, soft palate except stylopharyngeus (CNIX) and tensor veil palatini (CNV3)
4) the glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the gag reflex? What nerves are involved?
Gag reflex is a protective reflex which prevents unwanted material from entering the GI or respiratory tracts.
Sensory component is glossopharyngeal and motor component includes glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve
What is the tores tubarius?
feature of the nasopharynx caused by the cartilaginous opening of the eustachian tube
Stratified squamous epithelium rule?
Generally found in anything that has contact with the outside e.g. the oesophagus and the anus
If it is on the skin it needs extra protection so is keratinised
What cells are the three parts of the pharynx lined with and why?
Nasopharynx- respiratory epithelium
Oro and laryngopharynx are in contact with food and outside so need stratified squamous epithelium
What vertebral level is the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage?
Hyoid: C3
Cricoid: C6
Thyroid: C4,5,6
