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Head and Neck Anatomy Y1 and Y2 > The Oral Cavity and Pharynx > Flashcards

The Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the 3 phases of swallowing?

A

1) Oral: voluntary
2) Pharyngeal: involuntary
3) Oesophageal: involuntary

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2
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication? Which open and which close the mouth?

A

Close mouth:
Medial pterygoid, masseter and temporalis

Open mouth:
Lateral pterygoid

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3
Q

All the muscles of mastication are innervated by?

A

CNV3

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4
Q

Which muscle of mastication originates on the coronoid process of the mandible and fans out on the temporal fossa?

A

Temporalis

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5
Q

Which muscle of mastication originates from the condyle of the mandible and inserts onto the pterygoid plate of the spenhoid bone?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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6
Q

Which muscle of mastication originates on the angle of the mandible and inserts onto the ptergoid plate of the sphenoid bone?

A

Medial pterygoid

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7
Q

Name 2 accessory muscles of mastication?

A

Orbicularis Oris

Buccinator

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8
Q

What is the function of orbicularis oris? What does it look like?

A

It is a circular muscle around the lips

It forms the labial (lips) seal and stops food spilling out

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9
Q

What is the function of the buccinator?

A

It tightens the cheeks and bushes food from the buccal side (cheek) into the midline lingual side (tongue)

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10
Q

What are the 4 pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

superior and inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical

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11
Q

What are the 4 pairs of extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus

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12
Q

What is the role of all tongue muscles?

A

Manipulate the bolus and align it between the dentition and push it against the hard palate

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13
Q

All tongue muscles are innervated by __1____ except __2____

A

1) hypoglossal nerve

2) palatoglossus which is vagus

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14
Q

What bones make up the palate?

A

left and right maxilla

left and right palatine bones

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15
Q

What is the soft palate made up of?

A

Several muscles and connective tissue

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16
Q

What does the soft palate do in the oral phase?

A

It depresses to create a oropharyngeal seal and the tongue ‘ripples’ the bolus posteriorly.

17
Q

Sensation to the palate is provided by?

A

CNV2

18
Q

Sensation to the superior gingiva is provided by __1____ and to the inferior is provided by __2____

A

1) CNV2

2) CNV3

19
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands? What do they secrete by?

A

parotid, sublingual and submandibular
Parotid- opposite second upper molar
Sublingual- glands in floor of mouth
Submandibular- lingual caruncle

20
Q

What are the salivary glands innervated by?

A

parotid > CNIX
Submandibular > CNVII
Sublingual > CNVII

21
Q

What are the names of all the tonsils?

A

2 tubal tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
Pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils
Lingual tonsil

22
Q

What do tonsils contain?

A

Lymphoid tissue

23
Q

The pharynx extends to the _____1_______
The oesophagus begins at _____2_______
The larynx becomes the trachea at _____3_______

A

1) inferior border of cricoid cartilage anteriorly and the inferior border of C6 posteriorly
2) C6
3) C6

24
Q

The nose opens into the nasopharynx through _____

A

two chonae > paired openings

25
Q

The nerve supply to the pharynx derives from the _____1______ plexus of nerves. Motor fibres in the plexus are derived from the ___2___ supplying _____3_____

Sensory fibres are derived from __4______

A

1) the pharyngeal plexus
2) vagus nerve
3) all the muscles of the pharynx, soft palate except stylopharyngeus (CNIX) and tensor veil palatini (CNV3)
4) the glossopharyngeal nerve

26
Q

What is the gag reflex? What nerves are involved?

A

Gag reflex is a protective reflex which prevents unwanted material from entering the GI or respiratory tracts.

Sensory component is glossopharyngeal and motor component includes glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

27
Q

What is the tores tubarius?

A

feature of the nasopharynx caused by the cartilaginous opening of the eustachian tube

28
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium rule?

A

Generally found in anything that has contact with the outside e.g. the oesophagus and the anus
If it is on the skin it needs extra protection so is keratinised

29
Q

What cells are the three parts of the pharynx lined with and why?

A

Nasopharynx- respiratory epithelium

Oro and laryngopharynx are in contact with food and outside so need stratified squamous epithelium

30
Q

What vertebral level is the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage?

A

Hyoid: C3
Cricoid: C6
Thyroid: C4,5,6

Head and Neck Anatomy Y1 and Y2 (9 decks)

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