The Nose

Question 1

What is olfaction?

Answer 1

Sense of smell

Question 2

The nasal cavity is divided into two cavities by _____

Answer 2

the nasal septum

Question 3

The sphenopalatine and the greater palatine artery are branches of what artery?

Answer 3

Maxillary artery

Question 4

The septal branch of the superior labial artery is a branch of what artery?

Answer 4

Facial artery

Question 5

The anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries are branches of what artery?

Answer 5

The ophthalmic artery

Question 6

5 arterial contributions of Kiesselbach’s plexus?

Answer 6

1) Anterior ethmoidal artery
2) Posterior ethmoidal artery
3) Septal branch of superior labial artery
4) Sphenopalatine artery
5) Greater palatine Artery

Question 7

What is Kiesselbach’s plexus? Clinical significance?

Answer 7

Integral anastomosis of five branches converging in the anterior inferior quadrant of the nasal septum (over the septal cartilage). Common site of epistaxis (nose bleeds)

Question 8

2 functions of the nose?

Answer 8

Part of the respiratory system

Special function is smell

Question 9

The skeleton of the nose is mainly ___1____ The supporting skeleton of the nose is composed of _____2_____ The bony part consists of _______3____

Answer 9

1) cartilaginous
2) bone and hyaline cartilage
3) nasal bones, frontal processes of the maxillae, nasal part of the frontal bone

Question 10

What are the main components of the nasal septum?

Answer 10

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid (superior bony part), vomer (inferior bony part) and septal cartilage (most anterior)

Question 11

Describe the three parts of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 11

Perpendicular plate that descends from the cribriform plate, superior to cribriform plate is the crista galli

Question 12

Describe what the nasal vestibule is?

Answer 12

The most anterior part of the nasal cavity enclosed by the cartilages of the nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin

Question 13

What part of the nasal cavity is the respiratory area? What epithelium is it lined in? What happens to air here?

Answer 13

The inferior 2/3 of the cavity
Lined in respiratory epithelium: ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
Air passing over this area is warmed and moistened before it passes through the rest of the upper respiratory tract to the lungs

Question 14

What part of the nasal cavity is the olfactory area? What epithelium is it lined in?

Answer 14

The superior 1/3

This is lined in olfactory epithelium which are specialised and involved in smell

Question 15

2 functions of nasal concha?

Answer 15

These create turbulent air which allows it to stay longer and get to roof of the cavity where the smell receptors are.
They also increase SA of these cavities thus providing rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs.

Question 16

Describe 5 steps of the olfactory pathway?

Answer 16

1) Receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium
2) Pass up through cribriform plate
3) Synapse with olfactory bulb
4) Then neurons pass along olfactory tract
5) To temporal lobe and olfactory areas

Question 17

General somatic sensation to the nasal cavity?

Answer 17

Anterosuperior aspect: CNV1 via the anterior ethmoidal nerve

Posteroinferior aspect: CNV2 via nasopalatine nerve

Question 18

What area of the nasal cavity is supplied by CNV1 via the anterior ethmoidal nerve?

Answer 18

Anterosuperior

Question 19

What area of the nasal cavity is supplied by CNV2 via the nasopalatine nerve?

Answer 19

Posteroinferior

Question 20

How many bilateral pairs of paranasal sinuses are there? What are they?

Answer 20

4
Frontal
Ethmoidal cells
Sphenoidal
Maxillary

Question 21

2 functions of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 21

Reduce the weight of the skull and assist with resonance of the voice

Question 22

Inferior to the middle nasal concha and within the middle nasal meatus what two features are there, describe?

Answer 22

Ethmoidal bulla- a rounded projection

Semilunar hiatus- a curved groove surrounding the inferior border of the bulla

Question 23

The sphenoid sinuses drains into the _______

Answer 23

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 24

The Posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into the _____

Answer 24

Superior meatus

Question 25

The frontal sinuses drain into the ______

Answer 25

middle meatus via the semilunar hiatus

Question 26

The maxillary sinuses drain into the _______

Answer 26

middle meatus via the semilunar hiatus

Question 27

The anterior ethmoid air cells drain into the _____

Answer 27

middle meatus via the semilunar hiatus

Question 28

The middle ethmoidal air cells drain into the ______

Answer 28

middle meatus via the ethmoidal bulla

Question 29

The nasolacrimal duct drains into the _______

This is why _______

Answer 29

Inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct which is why your nose runs when you cry

Question 30

What is the ostium of a sinus?

Answer 30

The part that allows it to drain into wherever it drains

Question 31

Describe the root, dorsum, tip, ala, nares, septum and philtrum in regards to the external nose?

Answer 31

root is top of your nose near eyebrows
dorsal is the bridge of the nose
tip is the bottom of your nose before it separates
ala is two fat bits at the side
Septum is the bit between two nostrils
nares= nostrils
philtrum is the division down your lip

Question 32

What are the largest sinuses?

Answer 32

Maxillary