The Nose Flashcards
What is olfaction?
Sense of smell
The nasal cavity is divided into two cavities by _____
the nasal septum
The sphenopalatine and the greater palatine artery are branches of what artery?
Maxillary artery
The septal branch of the superior labial artery is a branch of what artery?
Facial artery
The anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries are branches of what artery?
The ophthalmic artery
5 arterial contributions of Kiesselbach’s plexus?
1) Anterior ethmoidal artery
2) Posterior ethmoidal artery
3) Septal branch of superior labial artery
4) Sphenopalatine artery
5) Greater palatine Artery
What is Kiesselbach’s plexus? Clinical significance?
Integral anastomosis of five branches converging in the anterior inferior quadrant of the nasal septum (over the septal cartilage). Common site of epistaxis (nose bleeds)
2 functions of the nose?
Part of the respiratory system
Special function is smell
The skeleton of the nose is mainly ___1____ The supporting skeleton of the nose is composed of _____2_____ The bony part consists of _______3____
1) cartilaginous
2) bone and hyaline cartilage
3) nasal bones, frontal processes of the maxillae, nasal part of the frontal bone
What are the main components of the nasal septum?
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid (superior bony part), vomer (inferior bony part) and septal cartilage (most anterior)
Describe the three parts of the ethmoid bone?
Perpendicular plate that descends from the cribriform plate, superior to cribriform plate is the crista galli
Describe what the nasal vestibule is?
The most anterior part of the nasal cavity enclosed by the cartilages of the nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin
What part of the nasal cavity is the respiratory area? What epithelium is it lined in? What happens to air here?
The inferior 2/3 of the cavity
Lined in respiratory epithelium: ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
Air passing over this area is warmed and moistened before it passes through the rest of the upper respiratory tract to the lungs
What part of the nasal cavity is the olfactory area? What epithelium is it lined in?
The superior 1/3
This is lined in olfactory epithelium which are specialised and involved in smell
2 functions of nasal concha?
These create turbulent air which allows it to stay longer and get to roof of the cavity where the smell receptors are.
They also increase SA of these cavities thus providing rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs.
Describe 5 steps of the olfactory pathway?
1) Receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium
2) Pass up through cribriform plate
3) Synapse with olfactory bulb
4) Then neurons pass along olfactory tract
5) To temporal lobe and olfactory areas
General somatic sensation to the nasal cavity?
Anterosuperior aspect: CNV1 via the anterior ethmoidal nerve
Posteroinferior aspect: CNV2 via nasopalatine nerve
What area of the nasal cavity is supplied by CNV1 via the anterior ethmoidal nerve?
Anterosuperior
What area of the nasal cavity is supplied by CNV2 via the nasopalatine nerve?
Posteroinferior
How many bilateral pairs of paranasal sinuses are there? What are they?
4 Frontal Ethmoidal cells Sphenoidal Maxillary
2 functions of paranasal sinuses?
Reduce the weight of the skull and assist with resonance of the voice
Inferior to the middle nasal concha and within the middle nasal meatus what two features are there, describe?
Ethmoidal bulla- a rounded projection
Semilunar hiatus- a curved groove surrounding the inferior border of the bulla
The sphenoid sinuses drains into the _______
sphenoethmoidal recess
The Posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into the _____
Superior meatus
