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Head and Neck Anatomy Y1 and Y2 > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the divisions of the nervous system

A

SOMATIC > voluntary
Motor
Sensory

AUTONOMIC > involuntary
Sensory - visceral afferents and efferents
Motor - parasympathetics and sympathetics

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2
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies

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3
Q

The Facial nerve arises from the _____ as a ________

A

pontomedullary junction

sensory and motor rootlet

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4
Q

The 2 roots of the facial nerve travel through the __________ where they are in close proximity to the inner ear

A

internal acoustic meatus

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5
Q

From the internal acoustic meatus the facial nerve enters the ______

A

facial canal

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6
Q

What is the facial canal?

A

Canal that runs between the internal acoustic meatus and the stylomastoid foramen

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7
Q

What 3 events occur to the facial nerve in the facial canal?

A

1) the two roots fuse to form the facial nerve, 2) the nerve forms the geniculate ganglion
3) the nerve gives rise to the greater petrosal nerve, nerve to stapedius and the chorda tympani

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8
Q

What does the greater petrosal nerve supply?

A

parasympathetics fibres to the mucous and lacrimal glands

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9
Q

What does the nerve to stapedius supply?

A

motor fibres to stapedius

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10
Q

What does the chorda tympani supply?

A

special sensory fibres (taste) to the anterior 2/3 of tongue, parasympathetics to submandibular and sublingual glands

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11
Q

The facial nerve exits the facial canal via the ________

A

stylomastoid foramen

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12
Q

What cranial nerves provide parasympathetics?

A

3, 7, 9 and 10

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13
Q

Parasympathetic outflow is ________

A

craniosacral

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14
Q

Sympathetic outflow is ________

A

thoracolumbar

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15
Q

Sympathetic system has ___1__ preganglionic neuron and __2__ postganglionic neuron

A

1) short
2) long
synapse in the sympathetic chain

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16
Q

Parasympathetic system has _____1___ preganglionic neuron and __2__ postganglionic neuron

A

1) long
2) short
Synapse close to target organs

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17
Q

The transmitter of the preganglionic neurones, sympathetic and parasympathetic, is always ____1______
The transmitter of post ganglionic neurons in parasympathetic is ___2_____
The transmitter of post ganglionic neurons in sympathetic division is ____3_____

A

1) acetylcholine
2) acetylcholine
3) noradrenaline

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18
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve originates in the ___1___ and leaves the cranium via the ___2_____

A

1) medulla oblongata

2) jugular foramen

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19
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve descends _______ to the internal carotid artery and several branches arise

A

Anterolateral

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20
Q

Describe sensory innervation via the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Tympanic nerve provides sensation to middle ear, internal surface of tympanic membrane and eustachian tube
Innervation to the carotid sinus
Pharyngeal branch innervation to the mucosa of the oropharynx
Lingual nerve provides posterior 1/3 of tongue with general taste and sensation
Tonsillar branch innervates the palatine tonsils

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21
Q

Somatic motor provided by glossopharyngeal?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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22
Q

Parasympathetic provided by glossopharyngeal?

A

Parotid gland secretomotor

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23
Q

Sensory part of gag reflex is provided by?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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24
Q

What nerve provides sensation to the middle ear, internal surface of tympanic membrane and eustachian tube?

A

Glossopharyngeal via the tympanic nerve

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25
Q

What nerve provides posterior 1/3 of the tongue with general sensation and taste?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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26
Q

Palatine tonsils are innervated by the?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

27
Q

Parotid gland secretomotor function is by?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

28
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve is associated with derivatives of the ______ pharyngeal arch

A

3rd

29
Q

The vagus nerve is associated with derivatives of the _____ pharyngeal arches

A

4th and 6th

30
Q

The vagus nerve originates from the ___1__ exiting the cranium via the ___2_____

A

1) medulla oblongata of the brainstem

2) jugular foramen

31
Q

In the neck the vagus nerve travels in the _____ with ______

A

carotid sheath

IJV and common carotid artery

32
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs under ___1__

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs under ___2__

A

1) aortic arch

2) subclavian artery

33
Q

The vagus nerve supples somatic sensation to

A

posterior part of external auditory canal and external ear

34
Q

The vagus nerve provides visceral sensation to

A

laryngopharynx
superior aspect of larynx
heart
GI tract up to splenic flexure

35
Q

Motor functions of the vagus nerve?

A

Majority of muscles of pharynx and larynx as well as palatoglossus of tongue and majority of muscles of soft palate

36
Q

Parasympathetic functions of vagus nerve?

A

Heart, Lungs and GI tract

37
Q

What nerve provides parasympathetics to the heart and GI tract?

A

Vagus

38
Q

What nerve provides majority of muscles of pharynx and larynx as well as palatoglossus of tongue and majority of muscles of soft palate?

A

Vagus

39
Q

What nerve provides visceral sensation to the laryngopharynx, superior part of the larynx, heart and GI tract up to the splenic flexure?

A

Vagus

40
Q

Special sensation supplied by the facial nerve? Via what nerve?

A

special sensory fibres for taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani (GENERAL SENSATION IS SUPPLIED BY THE TRIGEMINAL)

41
Q

Parasympathetics supplied by the facial nerve?

A

Mucous glands and lacrimal glands

Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

42
Q

What nerve supplies motor innervation to some of the muscles surrounding the ear?

A

Facial via the posterior auricular nerve

43
Q

Facial nerve gives motor innervation to?

A

Muscles of facial expression

44
Q

The hypoglossal nerve arises from the ___1_____ and exits the cranium via the __2____ It then travels down to enter the ___3____

A

1) medulla oblongata
2) hypoglossal canal
3) tongue

45
Q

What is the function of hypoglossal nerve?

A

MOTOR FUNCTION
Innervates all the muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus

Innervates: genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical

46
Q

What nerve innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue EXCEPT palatoglossus?

A

Hypoglossal

47
Q

The trigeminal nerve is associated with derivatives of the ________

A

1st pharyngeal arch

48
Q

Trigeminal nerve originates off the __1____ CNV1 exits the cranium via __2__ CNV2 exits the cranium via ___3__ CNV3 exits the cranium via ___4____

A

1) Pons
2) the superior orbital fissure
3) Foramen rotundum
4) Foramen ovale

49
Q

CNV1, 2 and 3 sensory innervations?

A

CNV1 roughly upper 1/3 of face skin and mucous membranes
CNV2 roughly middle 1/3 including nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, teeth and gingiva in super 1/2
CNV3 Bottom 1/3 of face, also floor of oral cavity, ant 2/3 of tongue general sensation, lower teeth and gingiva

50
Q

CNV3 motor function?

A

Motor to the muscles of mastication, some supra hyoid muscles, tensor veil palatini in the soft palate, tensor tympani in the ear

51
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to tensor tympani?

A

CNV3

52
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve originates at the __1___ and exits the cranium via the _2____

A

1) pontomedullary junction

2) internal acoustic meatus

53
Q

Function of vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Vestibular nerve innervates the vestibular system responsible for balance
The cochlear nerve travels to the cochlea forming the spiral ganglia which serve the sense of hearing

54
Q

The spinal accessory nerve has a spinal component arising from ___1___ and cranial component arising from __2__ It leaves the cranium via the ____3____

A

1) C1-C5/C6
2) Medulla
3) Jugular foramen

55
Q

Spinal accessory nerve provides motor innervation to?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

56
Q

What nerves leaves the cranium via the foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

Olfactory

57
Q

What nerves leave the cranium via the optic canal?

A

Optic

58
Q

What nerves leave the cranium via the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor, Trochlear and CNV1, Abducent

59
Q

What nerves leave the cranium via the foramen rotundum?

A

CNV2

60
Q

What nerves leave the cranium via the foramen ovale?

A

CNV3

61
Q

What nerves leave the cranium via the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial and Vestibulocochlear

62
Q

What nerves leave the cranium via the jugular foramen? What else runs through here?

A

Glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal accessory

The internal jugular vein

63
Q

What nerves leave the cranium via the hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal

Head and Neck Anatomy Y1 and Y2 (9 decks)

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