The oral cavity

Question 1

Name the muscles of facial expression- and what to they do?

name the muscles of mastication

which muscle will be large in the carnivore and why?

Answer 1

• Zygomaticus- pulls on the corner of the lips, oribularis oris- keeps the mouth shut, levator labis superioris- lifts the upper lip, buccinator- pushes food stuck in the cheeks*
• the temporalis, masseter, pterygoids and the digastricus*
• the temporalis will be large in the carnivore to keep mouth shut on their prey*

Question 2

What type of epithelium is lining the oral surface?

why do herbivorous have more keratinisation?

how are the muscles arranged in the orbicualris oris?

Answer 2

• Stratified squamous epithelium (with little keratinisation)*
• as depends on diet. They have more so that they are less likely to get an abrasion*
• are arranged in fascicles*

Question 3

Name the labels

Answer 3

• A- hair follicle*
• B- orbicualris oris muscle*

Question 4

What is the name of the ridges which connects the palette to the tongue?

what is the hard palatte?

what is the soft palette?

describe the control regarding the soft palette

Answer 4

• Plateau glossal arches*
• it is bone covered in mucosa, and has ridges*

Made of muscle convered in mucosa

can voluntary move it around when swallowing. Tounge pushes palette up to block nasal passage to stop food entering. Cant breath temporarily.

Question 5

What happens to the epiglottis during swallowing ?

whats the significant difference in the horse regarding the soft palette and epiglottis. And what’s the clinical significance?

Answer 5

• Gets pushed out of the way. Will cover entrance of the larynx to stop food entering trachea*
• the soft palette tucks under the epiglottis. They cant breath though their mouth consequently. If passing a stomach tube, must go through the nose, as otherwise would dirsrupt structure, and wouldn’t be able to breath properly.*

Question 6

What is the caudal most part of the hard palette covered in?

what glands are found in the palette and are they major/ minor gland?

Answer 6

• Squamous epithelium*
• palatine glands- and are minor glands*

Question 7

Name the major salivary gland?

which one is elongated in the herbivore?

which one only exists in carnivores?

name the minor salivary glands ?

Answer 7

• Perotid, mandibualr, zygomatic, sublingual*
• mandibualr*
• zygomatic*
• buccal, lingual and palatine*

Question 8

Describe the route of the mandibualr duct in…

1. dogs
2. small ruminnats
3. large ruminants

Answer 8

1. Drains under chin and goes through the sublingual gland and out onto the floor fo the mouth
2. is slightly lower down the canine and its destination is the 4th upper pre-molar
3. the perotid duct goes all the way around the masseter and back up, and drains at the 4th pre-molar

Question 9

What is the histology slide of

Name the labels

Answer 9

A serous salivary gland

• A- cell machinery*
• B- where the serous is released into*

Question 10

What is this histology slide of ?

name label A

Answer 10

Of a mucous salivary gland

Question 11

What does this histology slide of?

name the labels

Answer 11

• Mixed salivary gland*
• A- mucous producing cells (flattened)*
• B- serous producing cells ( half moon shape)*

Question 12

What type of saliva do most glands in the dog produce?
what do most glands in herbivores procure and why?

Answer 12

• Mixed salivary glands*
• serous salivary glands - as need plenty of buffer*