The dog abdomen

Question 1

THE PERIOTEAL CAVITY:

1. what is it ?
2. what is parietal peritoneum ?
3. Relationship with the kidneys
4. reltionship with the liver
5. what is the choronary ligament ?

Answer 1

1. A thin serous membrane which reduces small amounts of fluid, which reduces friction
2. peritoneum which is in contact with the body wall
3. are retro-peritoneum = covers just the inner side, to help pin them to the body wall
4. intra-peritoneum = has its own covering
5. the point at which the peritoneal reflects off the diaphragm is - (is a fold a serous membrane)

Question 2

What is the outer abdominal muscle called?

origin and insertions ?

direction of the fibres?

Answer 2

• External abdominal oblique*
• orignates from the rubs and lumba fossa bad inserts into the ventral midline via aponeurosis*
• caudoventrally*

Question 3

What is the second layer of abdominal muscle ?

origion and insertion?

direction of fibres?

what type of control is it?

Answer 3

• Internal abnormal oblique*
• originates from the lumbar fascia and iliac region of the pelvis. Inserts on the aponeurosis which inserts onto the ventral midline*
• direction of fibres is ventral-cranially*
• is voluntary control by the somatic NS*

Question 4

What is the innermost layer of the body wall musculature ?

the origin and insertion?

what is the fibre direction?

what are the white lines you can see, and what are they users for?

Answer 4

• the transversus abdominis*
• insert on the ventral midline*
• dorsal-ventrally midline*
• white lines are nerves. They branch off to more superficial layers too. Come out fo the spinal cord at each vertebral level. They re segmental nerves of the somatic NS. They also supply the skin. They are often used for nerve blocks for local anaesthetic in larger species.*

Question 5

What are ab muscles called?

where is its origin and insertion?

direction of the fibres

where is this muscle found

what gives it the rippled look?

Answer 5

• rectus abdominis*
• origins from the ribs ans typhoid process of the sternum, and inserts into the pubic symphysis*
• cranio-caudally*
• runs down ventral abdomen, just off the midline*
• the fibrous intersections don’t hypertrophy*

Question 6

What is the rectus sheath?

what is the lines alba?

Answer 6

• when the rectus abdominis is surrounded by aponeurosis*
• where aponeurosis from muscles meet at the ventral midline. Commonly used for incision to get access to the abdomen.*

Question 7

What are the standard lobes of the liver ?

on what lobe is the real impression found?

how does the liver attach to the diaphragm?

name all of the canine liver lobes

Answer 7

• Right, left, quadrate and caudate?*
• the caudate lobe*
• by the triangular ligaments*
• left lateral, left medial, caudate, right lateral, right medial, quadrate*

Question 8

What are the characteristic difference in the horse liver?

Answer 8

• No gallbladder
• They have ventral botches in their quadrate lobe