The ''Ologies'' Flashcards
Paired serology (2 samples, 2-4 weeks apart) typically documents rising plasma levels of _________ as a confirmatory test for many infectious diseases. Choices: IgA, IgM or IgG.
IgG
What is the term that describes the presence of band neutrophils in the circulation as a consequence of increased tissue demand for neutrophils?
Left shift. (Virage à gauche). A left shift indicates a decreased granulocyte reserve and usually denotes a tissue demand for neutrophils. In severe situations, they may be followed by neutrophilic metamyelocytes.
Adenocarcinoma of which organ as been associated with a paraneoplasic alopecia in cats?
The pancreas. The glistening appearance of the skin is responsible for the colloquial term for this disorder: ‘‘shiny cat disease’’.
Which adverse effect involving the urinary tract can the antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide cause?
Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis, caused by the drug metabolite acrolein.
There are at least 4 indications for the use of antimicrobial combinations instead of antibiotic monotherapy. Name 2.
1) Superior efficacy in serious infections
2) Polymicrobial infections/broad-spectrum coverage
3) Prevention of emergence of resistance to 1 drug
4) Lower risk of toxicity
Which hematological changes are typical for acute disease associated with Ehrlichia canis infection?
Variable degrees of thrombocytopenia +/- leukopenia +/- anemia
Which condition is said to be present in a patient with jugular venous distension, pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, and ascites?
Right-sided congestive heart failure
Portosystemic shunts in dogs can be associated with which change in erythrocytes: Heinz bodies, basophilic stippling, or microcytosis?
Microcytosis
What is the basis for resistance to beta-lactam antibodies such as ampicillin or penicillin in some strains of Staphylococcus?
Plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase
Which organ systems are affected in aminoglycoside toxicity?
Renal and auditory (inner ear)
What is the causative agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK, ‘‘pinkeye’’), the most common ocular disease of cattle?
Moraxella bovis
Cardiac muscle is derived from which embryonic cell line?
Neural crest
During mammalian embryonic development, T lymphocytes originate from the bone marrow, but then proceed to which organ for final differentiation?
Thymus
Atrophic rhinitis in pigs has 2 causative agents. What are they?
Pasteurella Multocida and Bordetella Bronchiseptica
What is the causative agent of proliferative enteritis of swine?
Lawsonia intracellularis
Other than gastrointestinal and adrenal effects, ketoconazole is recognized to have toxic potential involving which important organ?
Liver (and less commonly it can also affect the bone marrow)
If a blood vessel’s radius doubles, by how much will flow increase if all other parameters (pressure difference between ends of the vessel, viscosity, etc.) remain the same?
16-fold (Poiseuille’s law). Flow increases to the fourth power of increase in radius.
What is the antidote for organophosphate insecticide intoxication?
Atropine and/or pralidoxime (2-PAM)
What is the main effect of angiotensin II on the peripheral arterioles?
Vasoconstriction
In which type of cell death are cellular shrinkage and condensed chromatin initial features?
Apoptosis
Name 3 effects of atropine.
- Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
- Dilated pupils (mydriasis)
- Decreased salivation (xerostomia)
- Decreased gastrointestinal motility
- Decreased lacrimation
- decreased vomiting
- decreased urination
What are the site of action, and the effect, of Clostridium botulinum toxin?
The toxin prevents the presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. The result is a flaccid paralysis, as well as autonomic nervous system disturbances.
Horses that ingest plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids may develop toxicosis involving which organ system?
Hepatobiliary
A dog with pulmonary lesions also has extensive periosteal reaction and proliferation of both humeri. What is this condition called?
Hypertrophic osteopathy (formerly called hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, or Marie’s disease)