THE NURSING PROFESSION Flashcards
The development of nursing in the 21st century:
+ New France (Quebec) :
- first nurses were male attendants and Jesuis priests
- Mme He’bert (lay nurse) provides care to settlers
- Jeanne Mance came to Montreal (Ville Marie) in 1642 and founded the Hotel-Dieu de Montreal/ the first hospital in Quebec
- Marguerite d’Youville formed Sisters of Charity: first visiting nurses
- Most came to “minister” to the sick, motivated by desire to work with the Indigenous people
+ Sisters of charity of Montreal (Grey Nuns)
- Gained respect for their work
- Visited the sick at home during epidemics
- Spread out from Montreal toward the west
- Established missions in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories
Florence Nightingale ( May 12, 1820 - 1910 ) ( 90 yrs) - The lady with the lamp.
- Her primary beliefs : the very first requirement in a hospital is that it should do the sick no harm”
- She instituted basic principle : proper hygiene, sanitation, good quality of air and light.
- Founder of modern nursing
- Cared for wounded soldiers during Crimean war.
- Dramatically reduced mortality and morbidity rates with simple nursing care.
-She brought nursing up to become more profession and she is the first person to keep statistic about disease and cure,…
Globalization ( Su toan cau hoa)
- Nurses have travelled across geographic and national boundaries:
+ New France and across Canada
+ West Africa
+ Missionary nursing in China
+ Word health organization
+ United Nations relied and rehabilitation administration
+ Remote regions in Canada
Hospital Schools
- Students provided nursing care in exchange for education and living arrangements
• Financial benefit to the hospital
• Poor living conditions for students
• Provided education of questionable quality
Diploma schools
- First: st, Catharines training school (1874) Ontario
- The role of nurses was to observe patients and report “faithfully” to doctors
- St. Catherines training school
- Victorian order of nursing (VON) by Lady Isahbel Aberdeen
These organization assisted in establishing educational standards for nurses.
Impact of nursing organizations?
Schools and nurses began to organize.
Lady Ishbel Aberdeen began Victorian Order of Nurses (VON).
These organizations assisted in establishing educational standards for nurses.
Women’s Rights movement contributed to their influence.
Work of CNA( early 1900) and OIIQ ?
• Set scope of practice
• Protect title of nurse
• Protect the public against unqualified, incompetent practice
UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS
Influenced by consequences of World War I and influenza epidemic of 1918
Community health practices promoted
University education for nurses established
First undergraduate program established at University of British Columbia in 1919
HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATIONAL REFORM
- 1932: Weir report: survey of nursing education in Canada, lack of variety in clinical experience
- 1965: Royal commission on health services
- 1960s: transition from hospital schools of nursing to 2 year programs
- 1975 Alberta task force on Nursing education. First doctoral program established at University of Alberta in 1991.
- 2010 all provinces except Quebec endorsed ( cong nhan) BETP by 2010
NURSING EDUCATION TODAY
- New and continually developing curricula
- National Nursing Education Framework
Increased access through online and distance modalities - Educational standards monitored by the provinces and territories and by Canadian Association for Schools of Nursing (CASN)
- Ensures greater quality and response to change
ROLES OF THE NURSE
- Can be a caregiver who provide confort, teacher who teach the student, can be s.o who work as a rehabilitation, in term of case manager,communication of patients, client advocate.
SETTINGS FOR HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
Institutional Sector
• Hospitals: acute care
(tertiary)
• 60% of nurses (OIIQ, 2004)
• clients with severe illnesses and complex problems
• higher acuity of clients
• shorter hospital stay
• use of evidence- informed practice for nursing care
• Long-term care (LTC or CHSLD)
• previously known as “nursing homes”
• 12% of nurses (OIIQ, 2004)
• clients with long term chronic illnesses or disabilities: functional impairments or cognitive impairments
• not part of insured services within Canada Health Act
• Rehabilitation facilities
• 1% of nurses (OIIQ, 2004)
• institution that provides therapy and restorative training
• intermediate step between hospital and home
• need more complex supportive care
• Psychiatric facilities • located in hospital, independent outpatient clinic, or mental health clinics • offer inpatient and outpatient services
- Community sector
• 10% of nurses (OIIQ, 2004)
• nurses work as multidisciplinary team
• community health care (CLSC): • focus: individual, family,
community
• health promotion
• disease prevention • restorative care
• schools
• home care:
• CLSC and private agencies
Community sector
• occupational health
• health services provided on premised of large companies
• hospice and palliative care • private / public clinics
• physician offices
• adult day support programs
• community and voluntary agencies Canadian Diabetes Association HEMAQUEBEC
CAREER PATHS IN NURSING
• 1. clinical practice or “nurse clinician”
• direct client care
• focus: returning client to his/her home
and usual state of health
• ICU, ED, rehab, oncology, etc…
- nurse educator
• in schools of nursing:
• CEGEP, universities
• staff development
• orientation of new personnel
• educational programs for nurses:
• critical care nursing courses • safety training
• new equipment / procedures
• client education departments - ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE
function independently
graduate who provides primary careB. Nurse Practitioner
n provides primary care in partnership with MD
n masters degree
n areas (Quebec): neonatology, cardiology, nephrology, oncology, mental health, primary care
C. Certified Nurse Midwife
n profession created in 1999 n 4 year university program
• 4. Nurse administrator
• manages health care and delivery of specific nursing services
• nurse manager (head nurse) • supervisor
• Director of Nursing (DON)
• masters prepared
• 5. Nurse Researcher
• masters prepared, but PhD preferred
• looks at ways to improve client care and to
expand / define the scope of practice
• look at funding, ethics, facilitating research, implementing research findings, sharing research findings, etc…
