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ENT: Anatomy > The Nose > Flashcards

The Nose Flashcards

1
Q

two parts of the skull

A

neurocranium (surronds the brain)

viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

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2
Q

define the nasal cavities

A

these are osseocartilaginous cavities lined with mucosa

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3
Q

role of the concha

A

cause airflow to become turbulent leading to it being held in the nasal cavity for long enough to be modified

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4
Q

what bone are the superior and middle concha part of?

A

ethmoid bone

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5
Q

what bone is the inferior concha part of?

A

it is its own bone- inferior concha bone

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6
Q

four bilateral sinuses

A

frontal sinus
ethmoidal air cells
sphenoid sinus
maxillary sinus

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7
Q

what are the sinuses lined with?

A

respiratory epithelium

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8
Q

role of the sinuses

A

reduce the weight of the skull

assist with resonance in the voice

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9
Q

four drainage pathways in the nasal cavity

A

sphenoethmoidal recess
superior meatus
middle meatus
inferior meatus

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10
Q

what does the sphenoethmoidal recess drain into?

A

sphenoid sinus

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11
Q

what does the superior meatus drain into?

A

posterior ethmoidal air cells

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12
Q

what does the middle meatus drain into?

A 
semilunar hiatus (frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoidal air cells)
ethmoidal bulla (middle ethmoidal air cells)
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13
Q

what does the inferior meatus drain into?

A

nasolacrimal duct

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14
Q

what is the medial nasal cavity made up of?

A

nasal septum which contains septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer

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15
Q

foramen of the nasal cavity

A

anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen
sphenopalatine fissure
incisive foramen

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16
Q

what is located on the nasal septum?

A

Little’s area (Kisselbach’s plexus)

17
Q

what does disruption to Little’s area cause?

A

epistaxis (nosebleed)

18
Q

five arterial inputs to Little’s area

A 
anterior ethmoidal artery
posterior ethmoidal artery
septal branch of superior labial artery
sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine artery
19
Q

what artery does the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries come from?

A

ophthalmic artery

20
Q

where does the ophthalmic artery come from?

A

ICA

21
Q

what do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries pass through to reach the nasal septum?

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen

22
Q

where does the sphenopalatine and greater palatine artery come from?

A

maxillary artery

23
Q

what does the sphenopalatine artery pass through to reach Little’s area?

A

sphenopalatine foramen

24
Q

what does the greater palatine artery pass through to reach Little’s area?

A

incisive foramen

25
Q

what artery does the maxillary artery come from?

A

ECA

26
Q

what gives off the septal branch of the superior labial artery?

A

facial artery

27
Q

what is the nasal vestibule lined with?

A

stratified squamous epithelium (keratinised to non-keratinised)

28
Q

what is the nasal cavity lined with?

A

respiratory epithelium

29
Q

what is the middle and inferior concha lined with?

A

respiratory epithelium

30
Q

what is the superior concha lined with?

A

olfactory epithelium

31
Q

how does air reach the olfactory epithelium

A

concha hold air

sniffing

32
Q

location of the nerve receptor cells for smell

A

take it through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid to the olfactory bulb

33
Q

olfactory pathway (toothbrush analogy)

A
  • receptor cells CNI in the olfactory epithelium
  • pass through cribriform plate
  • synapse with olfactory bulb (ganglia)
  • neurones pass along olfactory tracts to temporal lobe
34
Q

somatic sensation of the anterosuperior nasal cavity

A

CNV1

35
Q

somatic sensation of the posteroinferior nasal cavity

A

CNV2

36
Q

in somatic sensation what does the first order neuron always have associated with it?

A

ganglion

37
Q

what is a ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies relating to axons

38
Q

where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

A

middle cranial fossa and sends axons to the posterior fossa and pons

ENT: Anatomy (14 decks)

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