The Nose

Question 1

two parts of the skull

Answer 1

neurocranium (surronds the brain)

viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

Question 2

define the nasal cavities

Answer 2

these are osseocartilaginous cavities lined with mucosa

Question 3

role of the concha

Answer 3

cause airflow to become turbulent leading to it being held in the nasal cavity for long enough to be modified

Question 4

what bone are the superior and middle concha part of?

Answer 4

ethmoid bone

Question 5

what bone is the inferior concha part of?

Answer 5

it is its own bone- inferior concha bone

Question 6

four bilateral sinuses

Answer 6

frontal sinus
ethmoidal air cells
sphenoid sinus
maxillary sinus

Question 7

what are the sinuses lined with?

Answer 7

respiratory epithelium

Question 8

role of the sinuses

Answer 8

reduce the weight of the skull

assist with resonance in the voice

Question 9

four drainage pathways in the nasal cavity

Answer 9

sphenoethmoidal recess
superior meatus
middle meatus
inferior meatus

Question 10

what does the sphenoethmoidal recess drain into?

Answer 10

sphenoid sinus

Question 11

what does the superior meatus drain into?

Answer 11

posterior ethmoidal air cells

Question 12

what does the middle meatus drain into?

Answer 12

semilunar hiatus (frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoidal air cells)
ethmoidal bulla (middle ethmoidal air cells)

Question 13

what does the inferior meatus drain into?

Answer 13

nasolacrimal duct

Question 14

what is the medial nasal cavity made up of?

Answer 14

nasal septum which contains septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer

Question 15

foramen of the nasal cavity

Answer 15

anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen
sphenopalatine fissure
incisive foramen

Question 16

what is located on the nasal septum?

Answer 16

Little’s area (Kisselbach’s plexus)

Question 17

what does disruption to Little’s area cause?

Answer 17

epistaxis (nosebleed)

Question 18

five arterial inputs to Little’s area

Answer 18

anterior ethmoidal artery
posterior ethmoidal artery
septal branch of superior labial artery
sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine artery

Question 19

what artery does the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries come from?

Answer 19

ophthalmic artery

Question 20

where does the ophthalmic artery come from?

Answer 20

ICA

Question 21

what do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries pass through to reach the nasal septum?

Answer 21

anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen

Question 22

where does the sphenopalatine and greater palatine artery come from?

Answer 22

maxillary artery

Question 23

what does the sphenopalatine artery pass through to reach Little’s area?

Answer 23

sphenopalatine foramen

Question 24

what does the greater palatine artery pass through to reach Little’s area?

Answer 24

incisive foramen

Question 25

what artery does the maxillary artery come from?

Answer 25

ECA

Question 26

what gives off the septal branch of the superior labial artery?

Answer 26

facial artery

Question 27

what is the nasal vestibule lined with?

Answer 27

stratified squamous epithelium (keratinised to non-keratinised)

Question 28

what is the nasal cavity lined with?

Answer 28

respiratory epithelium

Question 29

what is the middle and inferior concha lined with?

Answer 29

respiratory epithelium

Question 30

what is the superior concha lined with?

Answer 30

olfactory epithelium

Question 31

how does air reach the olfactory epithelium

Answer 31

concha hold air | sniffing

Question 32

location of the nerve receptor cells for smell

Answer 32

take it through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid to the olfactory bulb

Question 33

olfactory pathway (toothbrush analogy)

Answer 33

- receptor cells CNI in the olfactory epithelium - pass through cribriform plate - synapse with olfactory bulb (ganglia) - neurones pass along olfactory tracts to temporal lobe

Question 34

somatic sensation of the anterosuperior nasal cavity

Answer 34

CNV1

Question 35

somatic sensation of the posteroinferior nasal cavity

Answer 35

CNV2

Question 36

in somatic sensation what does the first order neuron always have associated with it?

Answer 36

ganglion

Question 37

what is a ganglion

Answer 37

collection of cell bodies relating to axons

Question 38

where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

Answer 38

middle cranial fossa and sends axons to the posterior fossa and pons