The Northern Mountains Flashcards
Location of Karakoram
Extreme north
East of hunza river
Along the border with china
Trend of Karakoram
East to west
High passes of Karakoram
Khunjerab and Karakoram
Valleys of Karakoram
Gilgit
Hunza
Baltistan
Average height of Karakoram
6000m
Drainage of Karakoram
Glaciers:
Baltaro
Biafo
Siachen
Location of Hindu Kush
North western Pakistan
West of hunza river extending in the south Upto river kabul
Bordering and extending into Afghanistan
Trend of Hindu Kush
North west to south east
High passes of Hindu Kush
Lawaraii
Boroghil
Shandur
Highest peak of Hindu Kush
Tirich Mir
Valleys of Hindu Kush
Swat
Gilgit
Chitral
Average height of Hindu Kush
5000m
Drainage of Hindu Kush
Rivers: Panjkora Hunza Mastuj Swat
Glaciers:
Tirich Mir
Location of Himalayas
South of Karakoram
Trend of Himalayas
East to west
High passes on Himalayas
Babusar
Valleys in Himalayas
Murree, nathiagali, kaghan, abbotabad, mansehra
Highest peak of Himalayas
Nanga parbat
Average height of Himalayas
Central Himalayas: 4000
Pir pangal: 1800
Siwaliks: 600
Drainage of Himalayas
5 rivers
North and south face of rupal glacier
Topography
Parallel Ranges run mainly west to east Height increases south to north High altitude High passes Snow capped peaks steep slopes Snow fields Glaciers Rugged terrain Some vegetation Valleys (have more vegetation) Very cold harsh weather
Economy and life
Difficult life (cut off form world) no electricity, running water or technology
Few jobs, mainly farmers, also tourism (porters)
Lack of education and illiteracy esp in girls
Harsh snowy climate
Lack of infrastructure
Why is there a lack of infrastructure in the northern mountains
Rugged landscape, rocky, steep
Long cold winters, rain, natural disasters
No transport/communication facilities
No channelisation of oil/gas
Northern mountains is dependant on farming but it is mainly subsistent, why?
Lack of fertile land, rugged, climate, long winters, cost of maintaining land is a lot, soil condition, no modern knowledge about farming, no machines only manual
Terrace farming
Cutting steps into mountain slopes/sides to grow crops
Helps in reduction of water flow, soil erosion and increase water holding capacity
Good because lack of farming land
Eg. Rice is cultivated on terraced fields of swat, chitral, dir in Hindu Kush
Orchard farming
The northern Mountains have good pH for fruit gardens
Market gardening
Small scale farming
Near house
Small patches
Sold directly to consumers
Pastoral/livestock farming
Animals raised to attain meat and other products
Farmers move frequently in search of good pastures for grazing
Transhumance
Action of moving with belongings and livestock to warm valley floors in winter
Seasonal migration because of long cold winters
Hard to farm and graze
Go back to highlands in summer when snow melts to make terrace farms
Economic activities
Tourism (scenic beauty and tall peaks provide jobs like porters, resorts.
Small scale industries like carpets, embroidered material, rugs, handicraft, often bought by tourists
Large scale industries like processing food grains, vegetable oil, refining sugar, fruit processing and drying
Mineral resources not explored because of lack of infrastructure, money, skilled labour
HEP potential (rivers, glaciers) not developed because need money
Trade is less because less transport
Agriculture mostly small scale
Forestry (wood lands/extensive forests and grasslands) furniture etc
