Explain Shaduf
Conventional, hand operated. It lifts water from wells, rivers, etc with a bucket attached to one end of a pole and a weight in the other end.
Advantages of shaduf
inexpensive and simple to make
Doesn’t require complex technology
Doesn’t require a lot of land/space
Disadvantages of shaduf
- Requires manual labour
- Brings out less water
- Only efficiently irrigates less land
- Slow
Explain tank irrigation
Conventional, Practiced by making mud banks across small streams to make a small reservoir which collects extra water during monsoon and from rain
Advantages of tank irrigation
- cheap to make
- Prevents wastage of rainwater
- Doesn’t require complex technology
Disadvantages of tank irrigation
- Banks regularly get silted and need to be desilted often
- Unreliable because sometimes it doesn’t rain
- Hard to make on rocky terrain
Explain charsa
- Banks regularly get silted and need to be desilted often
- Unreliable because sometimes it doesn’t rain
- Hard to make on rocky terrain
Advantages of charsa
- Does not rely on complicated technology
- Does not create pollution
- Simple does not require a lot of construction
Disadvantages of charsa
- Relies on animal power animal can get sick
- Brings less water
- Irrigates smaller areas
- Cost of taking care of animals can be a lot
Advantages of Persian wheel
- Useful in hilly areas
- Suitable for small scale farming
- Cheap
Disadvantages of persian wheel
- Relies on animal power
- Complicated to make
- Many parts, can break easily, one part brings others do too
- Cost of animals
Explain persian wheel
Partly submerged wheel with attached buckets is turned by animals rotating a geared wheel. As it turns, buckets fill up and empty onto fields
Explain kariz
Conventional, It consists of well like vertical shafts connected by sloping tunnels made underground in the foothills of mountains or their sloping sides. It transports underground water to the Surface without any pumping through gravity.
Advantages of kariz
- Allows water to be transported long distances in hot dry climates with less water loss
- Resistant to most natural disasters
- Eco friendly
- Less expensive than modern methods because no need for pumping
Disadvantages of kariz
- Irrigates limited area
- Needs skilled labour
- Tunnels need maintenance because of silting
- Hard to make on rocky terrain
Explain inundation canals
Conventional, large canals are connected to large rivers. These collect water when river floods during monsoon.
Advantages of inundation canals
- Prevent wastage of flood water and limit destruction
- Cheap to build
- Water collected is rich in silt
Disadvantages of inundation canals
- Dependance on flooding
- Only irrigate low lands
- Siltation
Explain Perennial canals
Modern, flow year round and draw water form perennial rivers/barrages and artificial reservoirs
Advantages of perennial canals
- Irrigation all year round
- Irrigate large area
- Cheap in the long run
Disadvantages of perennial canals
- Cause water logging, unproductive soil
- Only low lying areas irrigates
- Not beneficial in dry months
- Depend on other rivers etc
Explain Drip irrigation
Modern, Water is provided directly to the roots through a long pipe that is above the plants with drippers that drip water to the roots of the plant
Advantages of drip irrigation
- Saves water
- Prevents disease by minimising water contact with leaves/plant etc
- Decreases labour
Disadvantages of drip irrigation
- Initial cost is high
- Clogging up easily
- Sun affects tubes etc easily damaged
