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History Of Britain > The Normans > Flashcards

The Normans Flashcards

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1
Q

1066

A

Battle of Hastings, which marks the beggining of the so called Anglo Norman period

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2
Q

What happened in the Norman Conquest?

A

People coming from Normandy came as conquerors and established themselves as the new masters of the island

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3
Q

Why was the conquest easy?

A

Because the Normans had a very efficient system of organization amd discipline, which was evident in their army and cavalry.

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4
Q

The harrowing of the North

A

March of William the Conqueror to the northern part of England. Harrowing because of the devastation and scorching of all villages and areas where people tried to resist.

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5
Q

Two enterprises that made the Norman dominon evident

A

The construction of the Tower of London, a symbol of the new, unassailable royal power.
Doomsday Book, a general inquest on all the properties, in lamd or animals, existing in England.

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6
Q

Practical purpose of the Doomsday Book

A

To collect information for a more efficient administration of the kingdom and to know how much taxes, and to whom, could be imposed.

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7
Q

What does it mean that “The Normans hammered her into a nation”?

A

That the Normans forced on the island a sense of unity in which they, the Normans, were the indisputable masters.

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8
Q

Sense of unity and geography

A

Being an island, Britain was forced to acknowledge the limits of their nation.

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9
Q

Based on what characteristics was the notion of nationhood developed in Britain?

A

Laws and institutions

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10
Q

Oldest institution of England

A

The church

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11
Q

Second oldest institution of England

A

The monarchy

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12
Q

What importance does the king take after the Normans?

A

It becomes a sort of sacred person which has a kind of divine sanction

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13
Q

Abbey of Westminster

A

A symbol of the Church, where the kings take the crown

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14
Q

What does it mean that a king is anoited?

A

That he is marked with oil previously consecrated

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15
Q

Relation at the time between the church and the crown

A

They would support eachother

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16
Q

What period begins with the Norman Conquest?

A

The Medieval Period

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17
Q

Feudal System

A

The notion that all the land belonged to the king who devided it among his friends in feudums in trust.
A system of land tenure in which the lower orders had to fulfill several duties and obligations to their higher lords.

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18
Q

Feudal lords or barons

A

Had the land and were supposed to serve and be absolutely loyal to their lord, the king. They subdivided the land into their vassals

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19
Q

Vassals

A

They were bound to pay tributes to their lords and offer different kinds of services.

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20
Q

Serfs

A

Could not move from the place they were born and they were practically enslaved.

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21
Q

What role did the church play in the feudal system?

A

The system was guaranteed by the church, as all ranks had to take an oath in the presence of God, to respect their duties, obligations and superiors.

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22
Q

Distinctive feature of the feudal system in England

A

The king was the was the undisputable supreme authority of the land which reinforced the sense of unity of just one strong kingdom.

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23
Q

Characters from the Medieval period

A

William the Conqueror, Rufus, Lady Godiva, Henry II, Richard I “The Lion-Hearted”, John “Lackland”, the sheriff of Nottingham, Robin Hood, Edward I, and the Prince of Wales

24
Q

Social structure changes after 1066

A

The Anglo Saxons lands were given to the Normanscaptains and Williams friends
Anglo Saxons remained as the lower sectors and vassals, artisans and serfs.
Norman church men were appointed bishops and abbots
Anglo Saxon priests remained as parsons of the parishes in towns and the countryside

25
Q

Role of French

A

Language spoken at the courts of justice and by the nobility

26
Q

Latin

A

Was spoken by the church people and scholars

27
Q

English

A

Remained as the despised dialect spoken by the vassals and serfs

28
Q

French mindset

A

Lively and enthusiastic vision of life. They enjoyed wine, love and music. The natural abundance in France allowed people to relish life more intensely.

29
Q

Who amused the Normans?

A

The scops, minstrels, and trouvadors.

30
Q

What was poetry and stories now about?

A

Christian traditions and legends, and stories of illicit love affairs.

31
Q

The English Synthesis

A

The cultural outlook of a blending of the Nothern and Southern European influences in Britain

32
Q

King in medieval England

A

The most important and undisputed authority in the country

33
Q

King John the Lackland

A

In 1215 was forced by his barons to sign the Magna Carta

34
Q

Importance of the Magna Carta

A

It stated that the King is under God and the law.

35
Q

Curia Regis

A

A royal Council composed by five men, bishops and barons, who advised the king in different matters. Laws were dictated here.

36
Q

General Assemblies

A

They were held in Christmas, Easter, and Yuletide/ Pentecost. More people could attend to present their cases.

37
Q

1295

A

King Edward I called a meeting to “pour parler” the problem of taxes, as an increase in taxation was needed to cost the administration of the kingdom

38
Q

Who attended to the meeting of Edward I?

A

Barons, bishops and burghers.

39
Q

Importance of the meeting of 1295

A

Origin of the parliment, the mother of it, and the oldest one in the world.

40
Q

What did Edward I say in 1295 that shows an idea of democracy?

A

What concerns all should be approved by all

41
Q

Common Law

A

A body of legal procedures based on traditional customs .

42
Q

What did Henry II and Thomas Becket do?

A

Established the same common law for all the country

43
Q

Ordeals

A

Primitive procedures that mixed beliefs and religious assumptions

44
Q

Trial by jury

A

Sustem established by Henry II where a man could not be punished for a crime if twelve sworn witnesses declared that was innocent

45
Q

1171

A

Thomas Becket was stabbed to death by Henry II knights

46
Q

1250s

A

Appearance of the first universities

47
Q

Two first universities

A

Oxford and Cambridge

48
Q

Guilds

A

Associations of carpenters, masons, blacksmiths in the middle ages. There, masters and disciples were in the same office and transmitted a specialized knowledge.

49
Q

How were the first universities?

A

Rooms by the church where men aged 12-60 went to listen to the lessons of a master

50
Q

Why did universities gain prestige?

A

Scholars were asked on several issues that the court or common people couldnt understand

51
Q

Church and universities

A

The houses of study were under the protection and control of the church

52
Q

Low education

A

Monks and friars educated people preaching gospels on moral and religion

53
Q

High education

A

Happened at universities

54
Q

English approach to knowledge

A

Practical

55
Q

Scholasticism

A

Tried to reconcile faith and reason

56
Q

Three philosophers from the 13th century who coincided on the idea that abstract Scholastic synthesis of faith and reason was not possible.
Empirical approach to learning

A

Bacon, Scouts, and Occa,

History Of Britain (10 decks)

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