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The Normans Flashcards

1
Q

When did England become a single kingdom?

A

954

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2
Q

What was the ‘Werguild’ system?

A

Cash value based upon a person’s rank

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3
Q

What were the Werguild ranks?

A 
Thralls
Ceorls
Thegns
Earls
Kings
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4
Q

What is a Thrall?

A

A slave

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5
Q

What was the value of a Thrall?

A

No value, they were worth nothing

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6
Q

What is a Ceorl?

A

A free saxon

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7
Q

What was the value of a Ceorl?

A

160 shillings

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8
Q

What is a Thegn?

A

Person who ran the local courts

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9
Q

What was the value of a Thegn?

A

1,200 shillings

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10
Q

What is an Earl?

A

A leader of the Fyrd

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11
Q

What was the value of an Earl?

A

4,800 shillings

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12
Q

What is a King?

A

A strong/powerful leader

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13
Q

What was the value of a King?

A

18,000 shillings

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14
Q

What was the value of a woman?

A

Same value as a man of the same rank however the value could be increased by 50% if the woman was pregnant

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15
Q

What was the Witan?

A

Kings advisors made up of powerful lords/bishops

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16
Q

What was the Fyrd?

A

The army

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17
Q

Who was St. Dunstan?

A

Reformed the church in the 11th century
Monk
Skilled artist and musician

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18
Q

How did St. Dunstan reform the church?

A

Ended church corruption
Improved education amongst church leaders
Rebuilt churches, abbeys and monasteries

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19
Q

What were Pagan Beliefs?

A

Beliefs that didn’t come from Jesus

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20
Q

What examples are there of Pagan Beliefs?

A

The bible was only for priests

Too much food and drink was sexually immoral

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21
Q

What was the Pope’s view on the English church?

A

Unhappy because he thought the church was corrupt

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22
Q

Who was Stigand?

A

Bishop that replaced Robert of Jumieges
Not religious
Focused on advising the King rather than reforming the church (he was corrupt)

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23
Q

What did villages without a church do?

A

Worshipped around a stone cross

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24
Q

What was the English capital city?

A

Winchester

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25
What was Beowulf?
An Anglo-Saxon book
26
What was the Alfred Jewel?
Finest example of Anglo-Saxon art | Made in 890AD
27
What were Burhs?
Fortified Towns
28
What was the purpose of Burhs?
Safety during Viking raids
29
What written sources survived?
Calendars Maps Poems Information about astronomy, grammar and medicine
30
What were popular Anglo-Saxon houses like?
Rectangular one-story houses
31
What were the Anglo-Saxons good at?
Carved woodwork Plasterwork Staircases and painted walls
32
What was the grandest church?
Westminster Abbey
33
What was the Succession Crisis?
Edward the Confessor died leaving no heir to the throne that led to 4 contenders competing
34
When did Edward the Confessor die?
5th January 1066
35
Who were the 4 claimants to the throne?
Edgar Aethling William of Normandy Harald Hardrada Harold Godwinson
36
Who was Edward the Confessor's successor?
Harold Godwinson
37
When was the coronation of Harold Godwinson?
6th January 1066
38
What were the reactions to Harold's coronation?
Edgar accepted it Harald wasn't bothered at the moment William was preparing for war
39
When was the Battle of Fulford?
20th September 1066
40
What was the Battle of Fulford?
Battle between Edwin and Morcar against Harald Hardrada and Tostig
41
Who won the Battle of Fulford?
Harald and Tostig
42
Who was Tostig?
Harold Godwinson’s brother
43
When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
25th September 1066
44
What was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
Battle between Harold Godwinson against Harald Hardrada and Tostig
45
Who won the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
Harold Godwinson
46
When was the Battle of Hastings?
14th October 1066
47
What was the Battle of Hastings?
Battle between Harold Godwinson against William of Normandy
48
What was Harold Godwinson's army like?
7,000 men Tired and weak from the Battle of Stamford Bridge Had no horseman or archers
49
What was William of Normandy’s army like?
Roughly 7,000 men Well rested Knights on horsebacks, archers and infantry
50
What was Harold Godwinson’s advantage during the Battle of Hastings?
Harold's team was placed on top of a hill which meant it was harder for William to break the shield wall
51
How did William break the English’s shield war?
William tricked the English into thinking that they had surrendered and they celebrated by running at the Normans but the Normans were far from over
52
Who won the Battle of Hastings?
William of Normandy
53
When was William’s coronation?
25th December 1066
54
How did William take control of England?
Claimed all English land | Got the English to build Motte and Bailey castles for them
55
Why did the English rebel?
``` Disrespect from the Normans Pride Loss of land/status Revenge Taxation ```
56
Who led the first rebellion held against the Normans?
Gytha of Exeter (Harold Godwinson's mother)
57
What were the events at Gytha's rebellions?
Exeter rebelled which led to a besieging that lasted 18 days before the rebels surrendered and William pardoned them in return for loyalty. Gytha lost her land
58
How many times did William ride North?
3
59
Why did William ride North?
Edgar, Edwin and Morcar was leading a rebellion but they eventually surrendered
60
How did William resolve rebellions from the North?
Increased harshness | William rode North and claimed back the land that rebellions had took
61
What did Gytha do after the failure of the first rebellion?
Fled to Denmark and persuaded the King to invade
62
How did William avoid conflict?
Paid the Danes
63
What was the Harrying of the North?
Famous rebellion in 1069 when William took away the peasants' belongings and starved them to death
64
What were the impacts from the Harrying of the North?
Crops, animals and food were destroyed which led to Famine | Domesday book showed depopulated areas in the North
65
What were the last revolts against William?
Rebellions of Ely
66
Who led the rebellions of Ely?
Hereward the Wake/Danes
67
What was the first rebellion of Ely?
After the Danes got paid to leave they invaded Ely but the people didn't fight back because they hoped the Danes could get rid of William The Danes got with Hereward (an English Thegn)
68
Why did the Danes eventually leave?
Didn't have enough troops to fight Normans
69
What happened to Hereward after the first rebellion?
He got kept an eye on by the Norman Abbott of Peterborough
70
What did William do when the rebellions ended?
He returned back to Normandy for safety
71
What did Hereward do while William was away in Normandy?
Hereward strengthened his position in Ely | Started another rebellion
72
How did William react to the 2nd rebellion of Ely?
He gathered an army and marched to East Anglia | Built a causeway that was used to secretly reach the island which led to the rebels surrendering
73
What happened to Edwin and Morcar?
Morcar was imprisoned for life | Edwin was killed by his own men
74
What happened to Hereward after the 2nd rebellion?
He escaped
75
What happened to other rebels of Ely?
Hands chopped off | Eyes gauged out

History (4 decks)

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