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The Normans Flashcards

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1
Q

When did England become a single kingdom?

A

954

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2
Q

What was the ‘Werguild’ system?

A

Cash value based upon a person’s rank

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3
Q

What were the Werguild ranks?

A 
Thralls
Ceorls
Thegns
Earls
Kings
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4
Q

What is a Thrall?

A

A slave

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5
Q

What was the value of a Thrall?

A

No value, they were worth nothing

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6
Q

What is a Ceorl?

A

A free saxon

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7
Q

What was the value of a Ceorl?

A

160 shillings

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8
Q

What is a Thegn?

A

Person who ran the local courts

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9
Q

What was the value of a Thegn?

A

1,200 shillings

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10
Q

What is an Earl?

A

A leader of the Fyrd

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11
Q

What was the value of an Earl?

A

4,800 shillings

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12
Q

What is a King?

A

A strong/powerful leader

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13
Q

What was the value of a King?

A

18,000 shillings

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14
Q

What was the value of a woman?

A

Same value as a man of the same rank however the value could be increased by 50% if the woman was pregnant

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15
Q

What was the Witan?

A

Kings advisors made up of powerful lords/bishops

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16
Q

What was the Fyrd?

A

The army

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17
Q

Who was St. Dunstan?

A

Reformed the church in the 11th century
Monk
Skilled artist and musician

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18
Q

How did St. Dunstan reform the church?

A

Ended church corruption
Improved education amongst church leaders
Rebuilt churches, abbeys and monasteries

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19
Q

What were Pagan Beliefs?

A

Beliefs that didn’t come from Jesus

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20
Q

What examples are there of Pagan Beliefs?

A

The bible was only for priests

Too much food and drink was sexually immoral

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21
Q

What was the Pope’s view on the English church?

A

Unhappy because he thought the church was corrupt

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22
Q

Who was Stigand?

A

Bishop that replaced Robert of Jumieges
Not religious
Focused on advising the King rather than reforming the church (he was corrupt)

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23
Q

What did villages without a church do?

A

Worshipped around a stone cross

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24
Q

What was the English capital city?

A

Winchester

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25
Q

What was Beowulf?

A

An Anglo-Saxon book

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26
Q

What was the Alfred Jewel?

A

Finest example of Anglo-Saxon art

Made in 890AD

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27
Q

What were Burhs?

A

Fortified Towns

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28
Q

What was the purpose of Burhs?

A

Safety during Viking raids

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29
Q

What written sources survived?

A

Calendars
Maps
Poems
Information about astronomy, grammar and medicine

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30
Q

What were popular Anglo-Saxon houses like?

A

Rectangular one-story houses

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31
Q

What were the Anglo-Saxons good at?

A

Carved woodwork
Plasterwork
Staircases and painted walls

32
Q

What was the grandest church?

A

Westminster Abbey

33
Q

What was the Succession Crisis?

A

Edward the Confessor died leaving no heir to the throne that led to 4 contenders competing

34
Q

When did Edward the Confessor die?

A

5th January 1066

35
Q

Who were the 4 claimants to the throne?

A

Edgar Aethling
William of Normandy
Harald Hardrada
Harold Godwinson

36
Q

Who was Edward the Confessor’s successor?

A

Harold Godwinson

37
Q

When was the coronation of Harold Godwinson?

A

6th January 1066

38
Q

What were the reactions to Harold’s coronation?

A

Edgar accepted it
Harald wasn’t bothered at the moment
William was preparing for war

39
Q

When was the Battle of Fulford?

A

20th September 1066

40
Q

What was the Battle of Fulford?

A

Battle between Edwin and Morcar against Harald Hardrada and Tostig

41
Q

Who won the Battle of Fulford?

A

Harald and Tostig

42
Q

Who was Tostig?

A

Harold Godwinson’s brother

43
Q

When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

25th September 1066

44
Q

What was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

Battle between Harold Godwinson against Harald Hardrada and Tostig

45
Q

Who won the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

Harold Godwinson

46
Q

When was the Battle of Hastings?

A

14th October 1066

47
Q

What was the Battle of Hastings?

A

Battle between Harold Godwinson against William of Normandy

48
Q

What was Harold Godwinson’s army like?

A

7,000 men
Tired and weak from the Battle of Stamford Bridge
Had no horseman or archers

49
Q

What was William of Normandy’s army like?

A

Roughly 7,000 men
Well rested
Knights on horsebacks, archers and infantry

50
Q

What was Harold Godwinson’s advantage during the Battle of Hastings?

A

Harold’s team was placed on top of a hill which meant it was harder for William to break the shield wall

51
Q

How did William break the English’s shield war?

A

William tricked the English into thinking that they had surrendered and they celebrated by running at the Normans but the Normans were far from over

52
Q

Who won the Battle of Hastings?

A

William of Normandy

53
Q

When was William’s coronation?

A

25th December 1066

54
Q

How did William take control of England?

A

Claimed all English land

Got the English to build Motte and Bailey castles for them

55
Q

Why did the English rebel?

A 
Disrespect from the Normans
Pride
Loss of land/status
Revenge
Taxation
56
Q

Who led the first rebellion held against the Normans?

A

Gytha of Exeter (Harold Godwinson’s mother)

57
Q

What were the events at Gytha’s rebellions?

A

Exeter rebelled which led to a besieging that lasted 18 days before the rebels surrendered and William pardoned them in return for loyalty.
Gytha lost her land

58
Q

How many times did William ride North?

A

3

59
Q

Why did William ride North?

A

Edgar, Edwin and Morcar was leading a rebellion but they eventually surrendered

60
Q

How did William resolve rebellions from the North?

A

Increased harshness

William rode North and claimed back the land that rebellions had took

61
Q

What did Gytha do after the failure of the first rebellion?

A

Fled to Denmark and persuaded the King to invade

62
Q

How did William avoid conflict?

A

Paid the Danes

63
Q

What was the Harrying of the North?

A

Famous rebellion in 1069 when William took away the peasants’ belongings and starved them to death

64
Q

What were the impacts from the Harrying of the North?

A

Crops, animals and food were destroyed which led to Famine

Domesday book showed depopulated areas in the North

65
Q

What were the last revolts against William?

A

Rebellions of Ely

66
Q

Who led the rebellions of Ely?

A

Hereward the Wake/Danes

67
Q

What was the first rebellion of Ely?

A

After the Danes got paid to leave they invaded Ely but the people didn’t fight back because they hoped the Danes could get rid of William
The Danes got with Hereward (an English Thegn)

68
Q

Why did the Danes eventually leave?

A

Didn’t have enough troops to fight Normans

69
Q

What happened to Hereward after the first rebellion?

A

He got kept an eye on by the Norman Abbott of Peterborough

70
Q

What did William do when the rebellions ended?

A

He returned back to Normandy for safety

71
Q

What did Hereward do while William was away in Normandy?

A

Hereward strengthened his position in Ely

Started another rebellion

72
Q

How did William react to the 2nd rebellion of Ely?

A

He gathered an army and marched to East Anglia

Built a causeway that was used to secretly reach the island which led to the rebels surrendering

73
Q

What happened to Edwin and Morcar?

A

Morcar was imprisoned for life

Edwin was killed by his own men

74
Q

What happened to Hereward after the 2nd rebellion?

A

He escaped

75
Q

What happened to other rebels of Ely?

A

Hands chopped off

Eyes gauged out

History (4 decks)

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