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History > Kenilworth Castle > Flashcards

Kenilworth Castle Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Kenilworth Castle located?

A

West Midlands
On a low sandstone hill
Near the point of 2 rivers joining

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2
Q

Why is Kenilworth Castle’s location significant?

A

Located in the middle of the country for easier access to all parts of England
Placed upon a hill so you could see for miles
Rivers can be used for transportation of goods

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3
Q

Who built Kenilworth Castle?

A

Geoffrey de Clinton

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4
Q

When was Kenilworth Castle built?

A

1120’s

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5
Q

Why was Kenilworth Castle built?

A

Henry I didn’t trust the owners of Tamworth and Warwick castle so Kenilworth was used to maintain peace

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6
Q

What features did Geoffrey de Clinton add to Kenilworth Castle?

A

The Stone Tower (Keep)
A Causeway
The Mere

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7
Q

What was the Stone Tower/Keep?

A 
Dates back from 1124
Heart of the castle's defence 
Main residence
Walls were 4.3 metres thick 
Roof span was 9 metres
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8
Q

What was the Causeway?

A

Across the valley

Created a dam

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9
Q

What was the Mere?

A

A large pond
military purposes
Supplied fish and ducks etc
Used for fishing

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10
Q

What was Kenilworth Castle’s purpose under Geoffrey de Clinton?

A

Defensive structure

It was designed to defend the local area and keep an eye on powerful locals lords on behalf of the King

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11
Q

Who claimed Kenilworth after de Clinton?

A

King John

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12
Q

How did King John change Kenilworth Castle?

A

Added the Outer-Bailey Walls
Expanded the Mere
Built Mortimer’s Tower
Built Lunn’s Tower

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13
Q

What was the Outer Bailey walls?

A

Circuit of stone walls around the castle

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14
Q

How was the Mere enlarged?

A

King John had the height of the dam raised

Created a body of 800m long and 150m wide

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15
Q

What was Mortimer’s Tower?

A

Gatehouse which controlled access to the outer court
Arrow slits
Vertical grooves for a portcullis

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16
Q

What was Lunn’s Tower?

A

Fish-Tailed arrow slits
Controls the North-East angle
2 upper floors
Contained a fireplace

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17
Q

How much did King John spend on Kenilworth Castle?

A

£1,115

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18
Q

What was Kenilworth Castle’s purpose under King John?

A

Defensive structure

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19
Q

What is a siege?

A

When a castle is surrounded so that essential supplies can be cut off forcing the castle to surrender

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20
Q

Who owned Kenilworth Castle during the Siege of Kenilworth?

A

Simon de Monfort

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21
Q

Who was Simon de Montfort?

A

King Henry III’s brother-in-law

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22
Q

What did Simon de Montfort add to Kenilworth Castle?

A

The Brays

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23
Q

What was the Brays?

A

A large defended outwork protecting the outer end of the dam

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24
Q

What year does Simon de Montfort die?

A

1265

25
Q

When was the Siege of Kenilworth?

A

25th June 1266

26
Q

How long did the Siege of Kenilworth last?

A

172 days

27
Q

Who led the assault against the Castle?

A

King Henry III

28
Q

What weapons did the King use against the castle?

A

Crossbows
Catapults
Stone Missiles

29
Q

Why did King Henry III make a stand at Kenilworth?

A

Show authority as his position was insecure

30
Q

How did King Henry III resort to religious warfare?

A

Brought a religious presence to show that God was on his side

31
Q

What ended the siege of Kenilworth Castle?

A

Disease

32
Q

Who took charge of Kenilworth after the Siege?

A

John of Gaunt

33
Q

Who was John of Gaunt?

A

Royal Prince
One of the wealthiest and powerful men in the country
He had ambitions to be King

34
Q

What features did John of Gaunt add to Kenilworth Castle?

A 
Great Hall
Kitchens
Gaunts Tower
Saintlowe Tower
Strong Tower
35
Q

What was the Great Hall?

A 
Designed to be similar to Windsor Castle
Beautifully carved entrance
Impressive windows which had stone seats
Tapestries were hung above the fireplace
Company of musicians
Was used for feasting
36
Q

What was the Kitchens?

A 
Twice the normal size
19.5m by 8m
Catered for several hundred people
Enormous fireplaces
Cobbled floor
Used to support feasting the great hall
37
Q

What was Gaunt’s Tower?

A

Most important members of household staff usually dined
Private dining room
Private bedrooms for relaxation
Admiring the views

38
Q

What was Saint Lowe Tower?

A

Further sets of apartments
Left of the Great Hall
Lord of the castle
Floors have been totally removed since the slighting

39
Q

What was the Strong Tower?

A

First floor was the buttery and pantry
Second floor was the accommodation
Suite of Lodgings
Various spiral staircases

40
Q

What was the castle’s purpose under John of Gaunt?

A

Show status and wealth

41
Q

Who took control of Kenilworth after John of Gaunt?

A

Robert Dudley

42
Q

Who was Robert Dudley?

A

Earl of Leicester

Close advisor to Queen Elizabeth

43
Q

Who was Robert Dudley in love with?

A

Queen Elizabeth I

44
Q

What was the scandal between Robert Dudley and Queen Elizabeth?

A

Robert Dudley was in love with the Queen but Robert had a wife who mysteriously was found dead at the bottom of the stairs. Rumour was she was killed so Robert Dudley could marry the Queen instead

45
Q

What did Robert Dudley add to Kenilworth Castle?

A

Leicester’s Building
Leicester’s Gatehouse
Elizabethan Gardens

46
Q

What was Leicester’s Gatehouse?

A

Grand new entrance
Gave access to easier routes to London
Entrances were wide
2 floors of lodgings

47
Q

What was Leicester’s Buildings?

A

Constructed 1571-1572
Specifically built for the Queen
3 floors
Contained a dancing hall and apartments

48
Q

What were the Elizabethan Gardens?

A

1575
Famous privy gardens
Fruit trees
Marble fountain

49
Q

What other additions did Robert Dudley make?

A

Remodelled Henry’s lodgings
Hunting Grounds
Great Hall is still used at this time

50
Q

What was the Castle’s purpose under Robert Dudley?

A

Palatial/Love Token

51
Q

What was the English Civil War?

A

1642

War between Parliament (Parliamentarians) and King (Royalists)

52
Q

How was Kenilworth Castle used during the English Civil War?

A

Accommodated Royalists soldiers

53
Q

What happened to Kenilworth Castle after the English Civil War?

A

Parliamentarians took over the castle and slighted the North side of the keep to prevent rebellions

54
Q

What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1777?

A

Tourists took an interest and the first guide book was published

55
Q

What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1821?

A

Sir Walter Scott wrote a book on the castle which increased visitors

56
Q

What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1937?

A

Sir John Siddely bought the castle and paid for the upkeep

57
Q

What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1958?

A

John’s son gives the castle to Kenilworth town council

58
Q

What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1984?

A

English Heritage took over

History (4 decks)

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