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Kenilworth Castle Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Kenilworth Castle located?

A

West Midlands
On a low sandstone hill
Near the point of 2 rivers joining

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2
Q

Why is Kenilworth Castle’s location significant?

A

Located in the middle of the country for easier access to all parts of England
Placed upon a hill so you could see for miles
Rivers can be used for transportation of goods

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3
Q

Who built Kenilworth Castle?

A

Geoffrey de Clinton

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4
Q

When was Kenilworth Castle built?

A

1120’s

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5
Q

Why was Kenilworth Castle built?

A

Henry I didn’t trust the owners of Tamworth and Warwick castle so Kenilworth was used to maintain peace

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6
Q

What features did Geoffrey de Clinton add to Kenilworth Castle?

A

The Stone Tower (Keep)
A Causeway
The Mere

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7
Q

What was the Stone Tower/Keep?

A 
Dates back from 1124
Heart of the castle's defence 
Main residence
Walls were 4.3 metres thick 
Roof span was 9 metres
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8
Q

What was the Causeway?

A

Across the valley

Created a dam

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9
Q

What was the Mere?

A

A large pond
military purposes
Supplied fish and ducks etc
Used for fishing

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10
Q

What was Kenilworth Castle’s purpose under Geoffrey de Clinton?

A

Defensive structure

It was designed to defend the local area and keep an eye on powerful locals lords on behalf of the King

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11
Q

Who claimed Kenilworth after de Clinton?

A

King John

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12
Q

How did King John change Kenilworth Castle?

A

Added the Outer-Bailey Walls
Expanded the Mere
Built Mortimer’s Tower
Built Lunn’s Tower

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13
Q

What was the Outer Bailey walls?

A

Circuit of stone walls around the castle

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14
Q

How was the Mere enlarged?

A

King John had the height of the dam raised

Created a body of 800m long and 150m wide

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15
Q

What was Mortimer’s Tower?

A

Gatehouse which controlled access to the outer court
Arrow slits
Vertical grooves for a portcullis

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16
Q

What was Lunn’s Tower?

A

Fish-Tailed arrow slits
Controls the North-East angle
2 upper floors
Contained a fireplace

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17
Q

How much did King John spend on Kenilworth Castle?

A

£1,115

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18
Q

What was Kenilworth Castle’s purpose under King John?

A

Defensive structure

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19
Q

What is a siege?

A

When a castle is surrounded so that essential supplies can be cut off forcing the castle to surrender

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20
Q

Who owned Kenilworth Castle during the Siege of Kenilworth?

A

Simon de Monfort

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21
Q

Who was Simon de Montfort?

A

King Henry III’s brother-in-law

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22
Q

What did Simon de Montfort add to Kenilworth Castle?

A

The Brays

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23
Q

What was the Brays?

A

A large defended outwork protecting the outer end of the dam

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24
Q

What year does Simon de Montfort die?

25
When was the Siege of Kenilworth?
25th June 1266
26
How long did the Siege of Kenilworth last?
172 days
27
Who led the assault against the Castle?
King Henry III
28
What weapons did the King use against the castle?
Crossbows Catapults Stone Missiles
29
Why did King Henry III make a stand at Kenilworth?
Show authority as his position was insecure
30
How did King Henry III resort to religious warfare?
Brought a religious presence to show that God was on his side
31
What ended the siege of Kenilworth Castle?
Disease
32
Who took charge of Kenilworth after the Siege?
John of Gaunt
33
Who was John of Gaunt?
Royal Prince One of the wealthiest and powerful men in the country He had ambitions to be King
34
What features did John of Gaunt add to Kenilworth Castle?
``` Great Hall Kitchens Gaunts Tower Saintlowe Tower Strong Tower ```
35
What was the Great Hall?
``` Designed to be similar to Windsor Castle Beautifully carved entrance Impressive windows which had stone seats Tapestries were hung above the fireplace Company of musicians Was used for feasting ```
36
What was the Kitchens?
``` Twice the normal size 19.5m by 8m Catered for several hundred people Enormous fireplaces Cobbled floor Used to support feasting the great hall ```
37
What was Gaunt's Tower?
Most important members of household staff usually dined Private dining room Private bedrooms for relaxation Admiring the views
38
What was Saint Lowe Tower?
Further sets of apartments Left of the Great Hall Lord of the castle Floors have been totally removed since the slighting
39
What was the Strong Tower?
First floor was the buttery and pantry Second floor was the accommodation Suite of Lodgings Various spiral staircases
40
What was the castle’s purpose under John of Gaunt?
Show status and wealth
41
Who took control of Kenilworth after John of Gaunt?
Robert Dudley
42
Who was Robert Dudley?
Earl of Leicester | Close advisor to Queen Elizabeth
43
Who was Robert Dudley in love with?
Queen Elizabeth I
44
What was the scandal between Robert Dudley and Queen Elizabeth?
Robert Dudley was in love with the Queen but Robert had a wife who mysteriously was found dead at the bottom of the stairs. Rumour was she was killed so Robert Dudley could marry the Queen instead
45
What did Robert Dudley add to Kenilworth Castle?
Leicester's Building Leicester's Gatehouse Elizabethan Gardens
46
What was Leicester's Gatehouse?
Grand new entrance Gave access to easier routes to London Entrances were wide 2 floors of lodgings
47
What was Leicester's Buildings?
Constructed 1571-1572 Specifically built for the Queen 3 floors Contained a dancing hall and apartments
48
What were the Elizabethan Gardens?
1575 Famous privy gardens Fruit trees Marble fountain
49
What other additions did Robert Dudley make?
Remodelled Henry's lodgings Hunting Grounds Great Hall is still used at this time
50
What was the Castle's purpose under Robert Dudley?
Palatial/Love Token
51
What was the English Civil War?
1642 | War between Parliament (Parliamentarians) and King (Royalists)
52
How was Kenilworth Castle used during the English Civil War?
Accommodated Royalists soldiers
53
What happened to Kenilworth Castle after the English Civil War?
Parliamentarians took over the castle and slighted the North side of the keep to prevent rebellions
54
What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1777?
Tourists took an interest and the first guide book was published
55
What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1821?
Sir Walter Scott wrote a book on the castle which increased visitors
56
What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1937?
Sir John Siddely bought the castle and paid for the upkeep
57
What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1958?
John's son gives the castle to Kenilworth town council
58
What happened to Kenilworth Castle in 1984?
English Heritage took over

History (4 decks)

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