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The Newborn Infant Flashcards

1
Q

What is an FLK

A

Funny looking kid
observation after birth

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2
Q

What is important to ask for a prental visit

A

Prenatal visits
Delivery history (vaginal/ C section)
Mom’s history

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3
Q

What do you discuss during the prenatal visit when mom is pregnant

A

Explain everything that the parent wants to know
A way to build rapport with parent/doctor
Cars-sale pitch for vaccines
Talk about breast vs bottle feeding
talk about circumcision

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4
Q

What is a complete newborn history

A

maternal and paternal history (smoker/drinker/DM/social history or abuse/
maternal age (afte 35 congental abornomality para = birth grava = # of pregnancy)
antepartum/intrapartum: (US, amino, screening, labs bad = small, green amniotic fluid = meconium aspiration, vaginal delivery is higher risk of infection d/t normal vaginal flora)

G3P4 = 3 pregnancy and 4 kids

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5
Q

When should a baby get a Hep B?

A

At birth, even if mom is negative

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6
Q

If mom is HBsAG (surface antigen positive) what do you do for baby?

A

Give baby Hep B immunoglobulin in one week + Hep B shot

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7
Q

If HBsAG is not tested but high risk, what do you do?

A

Hep B vaccine ASAP + labs and give Hep B immuneglobulin w/in

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8
Q

What is CI in a HIV + mother?

A

Breastfeeding - can transmit through

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9
Q

When is APGAR recorded and what is it?

A

1 min and 5 min if normal

0-10 = 10 is perfect but never seen

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity (absent, arms/legs flexed, active)
Respiration

each is 0-2

on test

Blue and none = o

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10
Q

What is a Dubowitz / ballard exam and scoring

A

Lets you estimate age of a baby at birth

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11
Q

Ballard

A

Age of baby
LMP is best indicator

based on physical and neuro

Neuromuscular
Higher score = more flexed (think more upset)
Square window
More points with arm recoil
Popliteal angle = less flexible is more mature
Scarf sign to where you can move shoulder

Physical maturity

infants from 20-44 weeks

lets NICU

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12
Q

What happens to creases on babies foot with age?

A

You get wrinkly as you get older

no wrinkles = premature

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13
Q

What can be accomplished with a prenatal visit?

A

Interview, office policy, opinions about things

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14
Q

Is there a HEP C vaccine?

A

No

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15
Q

When would it be appropriate you to examine a baby w/out parent present?

A

If abuse is suspected

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16
Q

What is SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome (born without brain center for breathing)

unexplained death - encourage autopsy

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17
Q

What are RF of SIDS

A

Poor bedding
preterm/ birth weight
co-sleeping in bed with parents
brain defects
overheating
2-4 month males
overcrowding (alaskans)
second hand smoke

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18
Q

How to prevent SIDS

A

Receding blanket
no pillows
laying on back
6 months in parents room
take a pacifier
vaccines!

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19
Q

Normal PE of newborn

A

color
tone
cry/movement
not hungry
warm room
if quiet, check eyes first

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20
Q

What is the cry of newborn

A

Hardy/healthy
Normal pitch (not high or low pitch)

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21
Q

What measurements do you get

A

wt
height
head circumference

should increase over time

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22
Q

What color should all patients look like after birth

A

pink even if from pigmented parents

if golden = jaundice d/t RBC hemolysis

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23
Q

What color are babies feet/hands of babies?

A

Cyanotic

if CENTRAL then it is concerning (chest, face, head, NOT normal)

acrocyanosis

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24
Q

What happens if a baby is cold?

A

Cutis marmorata

mottled look (cobble stone)
warmed = returns to normal

MC in down syndrome

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25
What is vernix caseosa
cream cheese consitisting after delivery from amniotic fluid that soaks onto skin keep slimy for 24 hours and delay
26
Lanugo
early birth = more hairy like elves, goes away
27
Pacifier good or bad for SIDS
good
28
what should you use if babies skin is messed up
doves on body water on face
29
Erythema toxicum
1st week of white tiny vesicles red base, papular, vesicular rash COMMON eosinphils
30
Newborn acne
Acne neonatorium look like zits same as teenagers
31
What is milia?
Tiny white epidermal cysts on kids benign
32
What is a hemangiomas
Strawberry patch goes away by 9 years old raised, rubbery BENIGN only treat if they block an orfice (anus, ear) If GIANT (rare) then worried about blood supply bleed like crazy, parents are embarrassed worried about airway (stridor)
33
What is nevus simplex?
Stork bite middle of forehead middle of head not pathologic
34
What is a nevus falmmeus
aka port wine stain Thick spreads can be seen on face along with trigeminal development
35
Congenital dermal meloncytosis
Monocolored looks like a bruise often on buttocks
36
Cafe au lait spots
benign but if 6 or more, worried of neurofibrobalstoma 1
37
What is hydrocephalus
increased ICP CSF drainage problem causes brain to get bigger CSF overproduction Sunsetting eyes (eyes go down like a sunset)
38
Treatment of hydrocephalus
Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt drain into the belly
39
What are the two fontanelle
anterior after about a 9-24 months posterior closes around 2-3 months bulging = infection depressed = dehydration
40
What is a caput succedaneum
swelling can extend across suture lines if you put a cap on, it will go acrossed multiple bones more superfiscial under skin and tough vaginal skin
41
What is a cephalohematoma
Head bruise Does not spread across suture lines and more takes longer to go away
42
Craniotabes
sensation of a ping pong ball rickets or hydrocephalus
43
Subgaleal hematoma/ hemmorage
vaccuum-assisted surgery leading to blood accumulation of epicranial aponeurosis of scalp and periosteum leading to 50% of blood volume build-up same level as cephalohematoma but can be longer
44
what can odd faces mean?
Genetic anomaly
45
What is pierre robin syndrome
sequence short jaw (micrognathia) cleft palate airway obstruction (normal tongue + short jaw) problem breathing through the mouth
46
treatment of pierre robin syndrome
tracheostomy + feeding tube Jaw extension when old enough
47
Facial nerve palsy at birth
seen after vaginal deliverly no movement of one side benign
48
What eye abnormality is seen after birth in baby that is fine
subconjunctal hemmorage
49
what is given to all babies after vaginal delivery
zithromax to prevent chlamydia
50
How to do red reflex on
examine 6 inches of red reflex
51
what is a white response of red reflex
opthamalogy referral retinoblastoma looks like a cat's eye radiation to the eye (has a good cure rate)
52
What is dacryostenosis
benign mechanical blockage of tear duct spontaneous resolution at 1 just massage if acute and infected
53
what is the primary reason of newborn acne
mom's hormones
54
What is a septal deviation of newborn
deviated septum of nose can be surgical resolved if difficutly
55
What is choanal atresia
congenital disorder due to abnormal bone growth
56
natal teeth
remove to prevent aspiration into lungs still get baby teeth
57
oral thrush
white coating that CANNOT clean off hurts/tender/painful nystatin swab (treat mom's breast as well) transmitted to the babies
58
What is a low set ear
lower inner canthus of eye is higher than ear can mean congenital
59
What is a preauricular pits of the ears
sometimes means renal problems higher odds of hearing loss (5x more likely) check hearing if normal check kidneys with US
60
What do you look at for lungs
look for effort (teatering = possible issues)
61
What is the heart exam for peds
Look for coarch (higher pressure in upper body than lower)
62
What do you look like for an abdomen
patent anus abdominal mass = kidney problems easy to feel spleen and liver
63
what is a diaphragmatic hernia?
typically left side because liver is on the right one lung works
64
what is umbilical cord down with at birth
clamped and cut at birth stinks not cleaned
65
What is an umbilical hernia
rectus abdominus fails to close bowel sticks out does not hurt if 1-2 cm at 3 then have it surgically closed (d/t potential of increased abdominal pressure from lifting things at this age)
66
What is a an umbilical granuloma
common in newborns scab over belly button
67
genitourinary problems in girl at birth
vaginal discoloration milky white or blood streaked vaginal discharge from mom hormonal withdrawl
68
what is difficulty with boys at birth
glans penis is covered by foreskin check that both testicles are in the scrotu if stuck you can milk it down
69
What is congenital hip dysplasia
70
MC fracture in newborns
clavicle d/t compression through birth canal
71
What are the three primitive reflexes
sucking rooting ( palmar grasp babinski (under 2) startle reflex (arms fling out after dropping it) tonic neck (fencing after neck rotation same leg and same arm) stepping reflex
72
what is a traction response
as you pull up head, you
73
what can cause a brachial plexus injury
DM moms causing big baby and traumatic delivery typically resolves on it's own
74
what is a sacral dimple
right above the anus pull cotton wisp and then occlude the opposite sides palpate pulses with diaper off based on whether or not you have a girl or boy for GU barlow and orteloni (just verbalize) oretloni (abduct and push) grasp baby and flip over with legs around arm

Pediatrics (7 decks)

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