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Pediatrics > The Newborn Infant > Flashcards

The Newborn Infant Flashcards

1
Q

What is an FLK

A

Funny looking kid
observation after birth

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2
Q

What is important to ask for a prental visit

A

Prenatal visits
Delivery history (vaginal/ C section)
Mom’s history

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3
Q

What do you discuss during the prenatal visit when mom is pregnant

A

Explain everything that the parent wants to know
A way to build rapport with parent/doctor
Cars-sale pitch for vaccines
Talk about breast vs bottle feeding
talk about circumcision

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4
Q

What is a complete newborn history

A

maternal and paternal history (smoker/drinker/DM/social history or abuse/
maternal age (afte 35 congental abornomality para = birth grava = # of pregnancy)
antepartum/intrapartum: (US, amino, screening, labs bad = small, green amniotic fluid = meconium aspiration, vaginal delivery is higher risk of infection d/t normal vaginal flora)

G3P4 = 3 pregnancy and 4 kids

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5
Q

When should a baby get a Hep B?

A

At birth, even if mom is negative

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6
Q

If mom is HBsAG (surface antigen positive) what do you do for baby?

A

Give baby Hep B immunoglobulin in one week + Hep B shot

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7
Q

If HBsAG is not tested but high risk, what do you do?

A

Hep B vaccine ASAP + labs and give Hep B immuneglobulin w/in

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8
Q

What is CI in a HIV + mother?

A

Breastfeeding - can transmit through

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9
Q

When is APGAR recorded and what is it?

A

1 min and 5 min if normal

0-10 = 10 is perfect but never seen

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity (absent, arms/legs flexed, active)
Respiration

each is 0-2

on test

Blue and none = o

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10
Q

What is a Dubowitz / ballard exam and scoring

A

Lets you estimate age of a baby at birth

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11
Q

Ballard

A

Age of baby
LMP is best indicator

based on physical and neuro

Neuromuscular
Higher score = more flexed (think more upset)
Square window
More points with arm recoil
Popliteal angle = less flexible is more mature
Scarf sign to where you can move shoulder

Physical maturity

infants from 20-44 weeks

lets NICU

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12
Q

What happens to creases on babies foot with age?

A

You get wrinkly as you get older

no wrinkles = premature

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13
Q

What can be accomplished with a prenatal visit?

A

Interview, office policy, opinions about things

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14
Q

Is there a HEP C vaccine?

A

No

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15
Q

When would it be appropriate you to examine a baby w/out parent present?

A

If abuse is suspected

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16
Q

What is SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome (born without brain center for breathing)

unexplained death - encourage autopsy

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17
Q

What are RF of SIDS

A

Poor bedding
preterm/ birth weight
co-sleeping in bed with parents
brain defects
overheating
2-4 month males
overcrowding (alaskans)
second hand smoke

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18
Q

How to prevent SIDS

A

Receding blanket
no pillows
laying on back
6 months in parents room
take a pacifier
vaccines!

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19
Q

Normal PE of newborn

A

color
tone
cry/movement
not hungry
warm room
if quiet, check eyes first

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20
Q

What is the cry of newborn

A

Hardy/healthy
Normal pitch (not high or low pitch)

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21
Q

What measurements do you get

A

wt
height
head circumference

should increase over time

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22
Q

What color should all patients look like after birth

A

pink even if from pigmented parents

if golden = jaundice d/t RBC hemolysis

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23
Q

What color are babies feet/hands of babies?

A

Cyanotic

if CENTRAL then it is concerning (chest, face, head, NOT normal)

acrocyanosis

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24
Q

What happens if a baby is cold?

A

Cutis marmorata

mottled look (cobble stone)
warmed = returns to normal

MC in down syndrome

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25
Q

What is vernix caseosa

A

cream cheese consitisting after delivery from amniotic fluid that soaks onto skin

keep slimy for 24 hours and delay

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26
Q

Lanugo

A

early birth = more hairy

like elves, goes away

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27
Q

Pacifier good or bad for SIDS

A

good

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28
Q

what should you use if babies skin is messed up

A

doves on body
water on face

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29
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

1st week of white
tiny vesicles
red base, papular, vesicular rash COMMON
eosinphils

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30
Q

Newborn acne

A

Acne neonatorium

look like zits
same as teenagers

31
Q

What is milia?

A

Tiny white epidermal cysts on kids
benign

32
Q

What is a hemangiomas

A

Strawberry patch
goes away by 9 years old
raised, rubbery

BENIGN only treat if they block an orfice (anus, ear)

If GIANT (rare) then worried about blood supply

bleed like crazy, parents are embarrassed
worried about airway (stridor)

33
Q

What is nevus simplex?

A

Stork bite
middle of forehead
middle of head

not pathologic

34
Q

What is a nevus falmmeus

A

aka port wine stain
Thick
spreads
can be seen on face along with trigeminal development

35
Q

Congenital dermal meloncytosis

A

Monocolored
looks like a bruise
often on buttocks

36
Q

Cafe au lait spots

A

benign

but if 6 or more, worried of neurofibrobalstoma 1

37
Q

What is hydrocephalus

A

increased ICP
CSF drainage problem causes brain to get bigger
CSF overproduction
Sunsetting eyes (eyes go down like a sunset)

38
Q

Treatment of hydrocephalus

A

Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt

drain into the belly

39
Q

What are the two fontanelle

A

anterior after about a 9-24 months
posterior closes around 2-3 months

bulging = infection
depressed = dehydration

40
Q

What is a caput succedaneum

A

swelling
can extend across suture lines
if you put a cap on, it will go acrossed multiple bones

more superfiscial under skin and tough vaginal skin

41
Q

What is a cephalohematoma

A

Head bruise
Does not spread across suture lines and more

takes longer to go away

42
Q

Craniotabes

A

sensation of a ping pong ball
rickets or hydrocephalus

43
Q

Subgaleal hematoma/ hemmorage

A

vaccuum-assisted surgery leading to blood accumulation of epicranial aponeurosis of scalp and periosteum leading to 50% of blood volume build-up

same level as cephalohematoma but can be longer

44
Q

what can odd faces mean?

A

Genetic anomaly

45
Q

What is pierre robin syndrome

A

sequence
short jaw (micrognathia)
cleft palate
airway obstruction (normal tongue + short jaw)

problem breathing through the mouth

46
Q

treatment of pierre robin syndrome

A

tracheostomy + feeding tube
Jaw extension when old enough

47
Q

Facial nerve palsy at birth

A

seen after vaginal deliverly
no movement of one side
benign

48
Q

What eye abnormality is seen after birth in baby that is fine

A

subconjunctal hemmorage

49
Q

what is given to all babies after vaginal delivery

A

zithromax to prevent chlamydia

50
Q

How to do red reflex on

A

examine 6 inches of red reflex

51
Q

what is a white response of red reflex

A

opthamalogy referral

retinoblastoma
looks like a cat’s eye
radiation to the eye (has a good cure rate)

52
Q

What is dacryostenosis

A

benign mechanical blockage of tear duct
spontaneous resolution at 1
just massage

if acute and infected

53
Q

what is the primary reason of newborn acne

A

mom’s hormones

54
Q

What is a septal deviation of newborn

A

deviated septum of nose

can be surgical resolved if difficutly

55
Q

What is choanal atresia

A

congenital disorder due to abnormal bone growth

56
Q

natal teeth

A

remove to prevent aspiration into lungs
still get baby teeth

57
Q

oral thrush

A

white coating that CANNOT clean off
hurts/tender/painful
nystatin swab (treat mom’s breast as well)
transmitted to the babies

58
Q

What is a low set ear

A

lower inner canthus of eye is higher than ear
can mean congenital

59
Q

What is a preauricular pits of the ears

A

sometimes means renal problems
higher odds of hearing loss (5x more likely)

check hearing if normal check kidneys with US

60
Q

What do you look at for lungs

A

look for effort (teatering = possible issues)

61
Q

What is the heart exam for peds

A

Look for coarch (higher pressure in upper body than lower)

62
Q

What do you look like for an abdomen

A

patent anus
abdominal mass = kidney problems
easy to feel spleen and liver

63
Q

what is a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

typically left side because liver is on the right
one lung works

64
Q

what is umbilical cord down with at birth

A

clamped and cut at birth
stinks
not cleaned

65
Q

What is an umbilical hernia

A

rectus abdominus fails to close
bowel sticks out
does not hurt
if 1-2 cm at 3 then have it surgically closed (d/t potential of increased abdominal pressure from lifting things at this age)

66
Q

What is a an umbilical granuloma

A

common in newborns
scab over belly button

67
Q

genitourinary problems in girl at birth

A

vaginal discoloration
milky white or blood streaked vaginal discharge from mom hormonal withdrawl

68
Q

what is difficulty with boys at birth

A

glans penis is covered by foreskin
check that both testicles are in the scrotu
if stuck you can milk it down

69
Q

What is congenital hip dysplasia

A
70
Q

MC fracture in newborns

A

clavicle d/t compression through birth canal

71
Q

What are the three primitive reflexes

A

sucking
rooting (
palmar grasp
babinski (under 2)
startle reflex (arms fling out after dropping it)
tonic neck (fencing after neck rotation same leg and same arm)
stepping reflex

72
Q

what is a traction response

A

as you pull up head, you

73
Q

what can cause a brachial plexus injury

A

DM moms causing big baby and traumatic delivery

typically resolves on it’s own

74
Q

what is a sacral dimple

A

right above the anus

pull cotton wisp and then occlude the opposite sides
palpate pulses with diaper off
based on whether or not you have a girl or boy for GU
barlow and orteloni (just verbalize) oretloni (abduct and push)
grasp baby and flip over with legs around arm

Pediatrics (7 decks)

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