Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pediatrics > OBGYN > Flashcards

OBGYN Flashcards

1
Q

What have happened to pregnancy rates over the years?

A

Downward trend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is gravity

A

of times someone has been PREGNANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is parity?

A

of births at or after 20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is T and P

A

Term = born after 37 weeks
P = preterm born after 20 weeks but before 37 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is A and L

A

A is abortion = all pregnancy losses prior to 20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Nulli, primi,

A

Null = never been pregnant
Prim = currently pregnant and never before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three trimesters?

A

1st = until 14 weeks
2nd 15-28
3rd = 29-42

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is pre-conceptional care?

A

Coming in for history that may make them at risk for pregnancy

Want DM control, med review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do people typically know they are pregnant?

A

Typically 5-6 weeks after realizing they missed their periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many preggos are unplanned?

A

Up to 50%!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How common is prenatal care used?

A

2001 = 50 million prenatal visits

people still do not use adequate care!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the s/s of preggo?

A

Amenorrhea (no periods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are pregnancy tests accurate?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can implantation bleeding mean?

A

You thought that you were having a period but it was implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the lower reproductive changes of preggo and breast changes

A

Softening
blueing
softing of uterus
breast become tender, increase in size, areoli and nipple enlarge
breast will start to produce colostrum (clear yellowish fluid)
Deeply pigmented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to diagnose pregnancy

A

bHCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can alter bHCG?

A

Similar to unit of LH, FSH, and TSH

sometimes can be false positive during LH surge and false hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of bHCG

A

Corpus leutum (supports preggo from 9-10 weeks until placenta takes over) and bHCG keeps it alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can cause b hCG to be falsely pausitive?

A

serum factors can bind to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is B-HCG course of concentration with time

A

increase with time and should double every 1-2 days

Home preggo test = use first urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When do we do the first US for preggo?

A

Gestiational sac after 4-5 weeks
Yolk sac = bright ring and confirms the location of the ring makes
Fetal pole = looks like a tictac and is where you will see the heart beat and can measure the crown rump length to make sure it correlates with the the last period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Naegele’s rule

A

LMP + 7 days - 3 months

US is most accurate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If they have had a pregnancy before, what do you ask?

A

C section
prior complication
infertility components

menstrual history
contraceptive history
psychosocial history (depression, anxiety, violence/abuse, tobacco/alcohol/drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do you check for PE

A

thyroid
bowel sounds
speculum exam
pap smear if over 21
STD testing to make sure that the baby was not exposed
bimanual exam (small orange = 6 week size, large orange = 8 week size, grapefruit = 12 week size).
Cerivcal dilatoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What blood work do you order for preggo

A

CBC (white blood cell elevation is common)
Blood type and Rh
Antibody screening
Pap smear
Urine protein culture
rubella
syphilis
gonococcal
chlamydial
hep B and C (drug use)
HIV
varicella IgG
Hgba1c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a concerning of Rh status in mother?

A

Rh negative mother and Rh positive father (if father is Rh negative you do not need RhoGAM)

give RhoGAM to protect FUTURE pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Other than Rh- when do you give Rhogan?

A

vaginal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the MCC infectious cause of fetal growth

A

rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When is a rubella infection concerning?

A

1st trimester

check and see if a mother is immune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the treatment of a fetal rubella?

A

NO treatment

prevention is key - cannot give during pregnancy though, so you should give it before wanting to be pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

treatment of syphilis

A

Pen G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What should prenatal counseling

A

Prenatal vitamins (iron is not in chewables, so these patients can be more)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is employment for preggo

A

Worried about demanding jobs or exposure

should not lift more than 10 pounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is counseling for weight gain in preggo

A

If you start pregnancy at a higher weight, you should not gain as much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why are we worried about obesity in preggo?

A

Gestational HTN
preeclampsia
gestational DM
Macrosomnia (big babies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What should you avoid in the diet of preggo?

A

Seafood is avoided if high mercury
No raw food (should do cooked sushi)
No lead

37
Q

How should you where a seatbelt while preggo?

A

UNDER belly and acrossed breast

38
Q

What is concerning about air travel in preggo

A

DVT d/t being in hypercoaguable state

39
Q

What should you avoid drinking while pregnant

A

One cup of coffee a day MAX

40
Q

Should you exercise while preggo?

A

Yes, keep doing everything you did b4.
Moderate intensity for 30 minutes
Avoid aggressive sports though

41
Q

What do you use for screening for smoking?

A

5 As

42
Q

What is fetal alcohol syndrome

A

repetetive daily use causes problems as it is a tetragen

CNS dysfunction and face abnormalities

43
Q

What is a concern about preggo that have illicit drug use?

A

They are less likely to obtain care

Do not routinely screen though

44
Q

Breastfeeding should be done for

A

at least 6 months and up to 2 years

45
Q

How often do term newborns breastfeed?

A

8-12 minutes 15 minutes at a time

46
Q

What patients is breastfeeding difficult

A

Inverted nipples
chemotherapy

47
Q

benefits of breastfeeding

A

decrease infections
increase bonding
decrease childhood obestiy
helps with weight loss
helps with birth spacing (can even be contraception, but not super reliable)

48
Q

CI of breastfeeding

A

alcohol
drugs
HIV
Hep C with cracked nipples
TB
Meds
Breast cancer treatment
Herpes on breast

49
Q

What genetic disorders are high risk so you should screen?

A

AA: sickle cell
NA: CF

most are mixed, so you can’t just screen for one issue, should screen for ALL

50
Q

When is carrier screening done?

A

EVERYONE

does not replace newborn screening. Allows you to see if you are a carrier for CF and if husband is a carrier, then 25% chance.

51
Q

What medication use is now used

A

PLLR pregnancy and lactation and labeling rule

review and based on what is best for the patient (sometimes even CI can be given)

52
Q

What is routine care

A

4 weeks until 28
2 weeks until 3

53
Q

At each prenatal visit, what do yo udo?

A

Look for HR at 10 weeks
growth of fetus

12 wekks fundus emergening
16 weeks fundus is between pubic symphisis
20 weeks funduns in umblicus
the cm at age 20-34

should have a 2 cm +/- therir pregnancy week

US
dating US
Maternal height/weight

look at symptoms

54
Q

What labs do you order while preggo

A

gestational DM screening at 24-28 weeks

CBC repeat at 28 weeks
monitor for anemia
RH- screen
Syphilis and HIV for high risk
Group B strep (looking for HIGH concentration which might leave)

55
Q

What vaccines are given while preggo

A

Hep A and B
Flu
TDaP after 27 weeks (3rd trimester d/t immunity of baby)
RSV
COVID

56
Q

Common complaints of preggo

A

N/V (use saltines)
Vitamin B6 with doxylamine (OTC sleeping aid)

back ache (shifting center of gravity, MC in higher weight women) can do prenatal yoga, maternity belt

57
Q

What GI complaint is common in preggo

A

Hemorrhoids
varicosities (should wear compression socks)
Heartburn (d/t relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter, can do antacids, H2 blockers)
Pica - craving weird foods

58
Q

What do you do for sleeping/fatigue

A
59
Q

Leukorrhea

A

increased vaginal discharge

could be pathological

60
Q

MC congential abnormalities

A

heart issues
cleft palate

61
Q

What age does down syndrome increase?

A

35 or older

recommended you do genetic testing

62
Q

What are NTD

A

Neural tube defects

2nd MC after cardiac anomalies

associated with an increase in alpha-fetoprotein

63
Q

why should you not go into hot tubs while pregnant?

A

because hyperthermia with

64
Q

Why do we no long do AFPs?

A

US screening is SOOOOO good, so you can detect neural tube problems

can see a bulge in the spinal cord

65
Q

What is ACOG

A

American college of Obstecrian and gyneocology

says that ALL patients should be offered genetic testing

66
Q

What is frustrating about screening test?

A

not 100% certainty

just looks at risk and identifies low or high risk NOT a diagnosis

67
Q

When can you screen for DS and other aneuloies

A
68
Q

when should you be offered more targeted US?

A

nuchal translucency >3.5mm

Down syndrome hCP is elevated and PAPP-A is decreased with

69
Q

What is 2nd trimester screening

A

triple test

hCP, AFP, anconjugated estriol

70
Q

what do you look at at 18-20 weeks?

A

lots of different genetic conditions or

if a bunch of minor abnormalites = concerned even if negative screening (because genetic screenings do not look for zebras)

71
Q

Advantages of cell free DNA

A

99% diagnostic (still not a diagnositc test)

can be done at 9 weeks and can even show the gender of the child

one blood draw!!!

72
Q

What is cell free DNA

A

small fetal components (placental trophoblasts) circulate in the blood

73
Q

what is an invasive diagnostic test?

A

Amniocentesis

MC procedure of down syndrome

done 15-20 weeks

74
Q

What does an amniocentesis do?

A

Fetal karyotype because you are in the amniotic

fetal anemia
fetal lung issues
relieve pressure

75
Q

What is chorionic villus sampling?

A

CVS done between 10-13 weeks typically done for termination

76
Q

When do you do fetal blood sampling MC

A

anemia
typically done at placental cord

77
Q

antepartum fetal assessment

A

identify risk factors

allows you to know why the baby is getting stressed

78
Q

When do you see that the baby has something going on

A

not moving
no HR

79
Q

What is fetal movement

A

20-24 weeks
multigravidad = 16-18 weeks (because you know what it feels like)

80
Q

what can affect fetal movement

A

diminused amniotic fluid (less fluid = less movement)
fetus can sleep
fetus size (if big it is hard)

81
Q

What should you do for fetal movements?

A

MEASURE it

should see consistency

82
Q

What is a nonstress test

A

Meausure HR

look for >32 weeks should see 15BPM increase for 15 seconds

want to see 2 accellarations in 20 minutes

83
Q

What should you do before a nonstress test

A

wake up with aucoustic stimulation
should see accelaration
should do BPP if no reaction

84
Q

What is a biophysical profile

A

5 variables

NST
fetal breathings
fetal movements (big movements)
fetal tone (flexion/extension)
amniotic fluid volume (2x2 pocket)

10/10 best
8/10 is concerning if low AFI
6 = worried, maybe deliver or repeat
4s and 2s = definitely deliver

85
Q

What is BPP

A

combo of AFI and NST

86
Q

What is a dopple r velocimetry

A

look at blood flow of the placenta or brain of the baby

87
Q

what do you look at for umbilical artery

A

S/D >95% if abnormal and you do not want too much resistance

you do if fetal growth restriction

88
Q

what do you do for middle cerebral artery occlusion?

A

fetal anemia

89
Q

AFI

A

amniotic fluid index

looks at the amount of fluid around the baby. Measuring the 4 quadrants of the mom’s belly and you get a fluid level in each of the quadrants

pediatrics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions