The New Deal Flashcards
What were the three Rs the New Deal was based upon?
Relief, recovery and reform
What was relief?
Helping to remove poverty
What was recovery?
Boosting the economy so people could get jobs
What was reform?
Ensuring there were welfare provisions in place
Over how many banks closed since what date?
Over 5000 since 1930
What were the changes Roosevelt introduced in the first 100 days?
Emergency Banking Act, Economy Act, Beer Act and using the radio to explain his ideas
What was the Emergency Banking act?
Banks were closed for a four day bank holiday and only honest, well - run banks could reopen so people could trust them again
How did the Emergency Banking Act help America recover?
Well run banks could lend money to well run businesses creating jobs
What was the Economy Act?
Where the pay of anyone working in the government, army, navy or airforce was cut by 15%
How did the Economy Act help America?
Saved almost a billion dollars which helped the unemployed
What was the Beer Act?
Made alcohol legal to sell reducing murders, gangsters and corrupt cops
How did the Beer Act help America?
Government could raise money by taking alcohol sold
What did Roosevelt use the radio for?
Talk about himself personally to help people trust and relate to him convincing everyone Roosevelt could make a change to America
What were the alphabet agencies?
Agencies created as part of the New Deal to combat the Great Depression
What does HOLC stand for and which of the 3Rs was it?
Home Owners Loan Corporation, relief as it helped remove poverty
Who did HOLC aim to help?
Those who couldn’t keep up with their mortgage payments
What did HOLC do and how many did it help?
Loaned money at low rated of interest. Helped 300,000 homeowners in the first year
What was NRA and which of the 3Rs was it based upon?
National recovery administration, reform as it ensured welfare provisions were in place
What group did the NRA aim to help?
Employed people
What did the NRA do?
Encouraged workers to make a code of fair conditions which guaranteed a decent wage and set a limit of hours of work per week
What was the PWA and which of the 3Rs was it based upon?
Public Works Administration, based on recovery to boost the economy so people can get jobs
Who was the PWA for?
Unemployed and the general population
How much funds did the PWA give?
$3300 million to buy materials, employ skilled workers and build facilities for the general population
How many ships and airports did the PWA build?
10 ships and 50 airports
Who did the social security act aim to help and which of the 3Rs was it?
Elderly and widows, relief
What did the social security act do?
Allowed the government to provide help for the sick and disabled as workers made a small contribution a week so the unemployed sick and disabled could receive a small amount of benefit
Who did the Wagner act aim to help and which of the 3Rs was it?
Aimed to help the employed, reform
What did the Wagner act do?
Forced employers to allow trade unions in their companies and let them negotiate for better work conditions and made it illegal to fire workers for being in a union
Who did the works progress administration aim to help and which of the 3Rs was it?
Unemployed by creating jobs, recovery
What did the works progress administration do?
Provided jobs for even office workers and the government paid artists to paint pictures to display in towns and cities to create jobs
Who did the Resettlement administration aim to help and which of the 3Rs was it?
Small holders and tenant families, relief
What did the Resettlement administration do?
Moved over 500,000 families to better quality housing and land, gave special loans to small farmers in 1937 and built camps for migrant workers
Who opposed to the New Deal?
Republicans, judge and radical politicians
What did the republicans think of Roosevelt?
Saw him as a dictator as he controlled many aspects of Americans lives and that the New Deal was interfering too much
Why was it significant that the judge was concerned the New Deal undermines state law?
The court was dominated by republicans who extended the role of federal government too far
How did Roosevelt respond to the judge not liking the New Deal?
Threatened to create six more Supreme Court judges that would support his policies and vote out republican judges
Whose beliefs were similar to the radical politicians and what were they?
To the democrats who believed Roosevelt wasn’t doing enough
How did African Americans benefited from the New Deal?
From the slum clearance and housing projects
How many African Americans gained beliefs from who?
Around 200,000 from the Civilian Conservation Corps and other New Deal agencies
Why did Roosevelt fail to pass laws against lynching black Americans?
He feared the democrat senators in the southern states wouldn’t support him
Why did many African Americans not benefit form many New Deal agencies?
They were discriminatory so the blacks either got no work or received worse treatment and wages
How did the New Deal help society?
Brought Americans faith in the government
How did confidence remain low after the deal?
Throughout the 1930s, Americans only spent and invested about 75% of what they had before 1929
What did the New Deal manage to cut?
The number of business failures
How did the New Deal fail to help women?
Only about 8000 women were involved in the CCC as most programmes only aimed to help male manual workers rather than women
Give an example of how the New Deal helped women
Eleanor Roosevelt became and important campaigner on social issues
How did the New Deal fail to help unemployment?
There were 6 million unemployed in 1941 and only the USAs entry to WWII helped to end unemployment
Give some forms of popular culture in the 1930s
Sport, team work, listening to the radio and cinema
Give an example of how radios were part of the popular culture in the 1930s
Soap operas were played over time periods like ‘Our Gal Sunday’ was played over a 5 week period through radios
how many homes had radios in what year
20 million in 1939
Give an example of how cinema was part of popular culture in the 1930s
‘Swing time’ helped people empathise with characters helping them get over the Great Depression
What popular cultures show continuity with the boom in the American economy?
Radio affected the boom from mass production and you needed money to buy tickets to watch sports games
How did popular culture develop as a result of the boom?
People engaged in activities to cheer themselves up and radio was used in Roosevelt’s speeches
How did popular culture show developments within society?
Shows technology has improved as everyone has a radio
What were most channels on a radio for and did it continue from the boom, developed due to the Great Depression or developed within society after the depression ended?
Most were commercial stations for advertising goods, this continued from the boom
Why were cars helpful to the development of sport and did this continue from the boom, develop due to the Great Depression or develop within society after the depression ended?
Cars meant people could travel to the games, continued from the boom
In 1940, what film reflected on the hard times during the Great Depression?
‘Grapes of wrath’
How did people get over the Depression with the film ‘swing time’?
Through the lyrics: ‘pick yourself up, dust yourself of and start all over again’
How did sport interest more women and did this continue from the boom, develop due to the Great Depression or develop within society after the depression ended?
By giving free admissions to women, this developed within society as the Depression ended
What linked radio and sport and did this continue from the boom, develop due to the Great Depression or develop within society after the depression ended?
As if some people couldn’t travel to a game, they could listen to matches live on their radio, this developed within society after the Depression
