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History GCSE - USA > Racial Tensions And Civil Right Campaign In The 1950s And 60s > Flashcards

Racial Tensions And Civil Right Campaign In The 1950s And 60s Flashcards

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1
Q

What law allowed segregation on what?

A

Jim Crow law allowed segregation on everyday facilities

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2
Q

How was violence affecting African Americans?

A

Some states used violence as a threat to African Americans who tries to vote and only 5% of the African Americans in Mississippi were registered to vote

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3
Q

Give an example of white prejudice against African Americans

A

White juries would always side with whites accused of killing African Americans

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4
Q

Who was Oliver Brown?

A

The father of a black girl who had to walk to miles to get to a black school

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5
Q

What was the Supreme Court?

A

America’s highest court which mainly ended segregation in schools

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6
Q

What was the NAACP?

A

National Association for the advancement of coloured people which aimed to remove segregation

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7
Q

Why did segregation remain in Mississippi?

A

A White Citizens council formed to ensure segregation would remain and did in six southern states including Mississippi

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8
Q

When did towns and cities begin to desegregate their schools?

A

After the Supreme Court ruling in 1954

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9
Q

What did Oliver Brown’s case prove?

A

Legal procedures and formally speaking to the court can make changes

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10
Q

Where was the Little Rock case?

A

Little Rock high school in Arkansas (a southern state)

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11
Q

When did the Little Rock case happen?

A

September 1947

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12
Q

What was the Little Rock case?

A

Where 9 students including Elizabeth Rockford tried to enter a white school when segregation was illegal and national guards were there to stop them getting in. Elizabeth went in alone and everyone wanted to lynch her but a white woman helped her and made sure she got away on a bus

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13
Q

What was the results of the Little Rock Case?

A

The president sent federal forces to escort the nine childeren so they could go to school

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14
Q

What was the civil rights movement?

A

Where African Americans wanted equal rights in everything like education and job opportunities between the 1950s and 1960s

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15
Q

Who was Rosa Parks?

A

A 42 year old civil rights activist and secretary of the local NAACP

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16
Q

When did Rosa Parks not stand up for a white person and where?

A

On the 1st of September 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama where Parks was arrested and fined $10 for breaking bus law

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17
Q

What was the MIA?

A

The Montgomery Improvement Association formed after Parks’ arrest and called a boycott fir all city buses

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18
Q

Who was chosen to lead the bus boycott and join the MIA?

A

A 26 year old church preacher called Martin Luther king

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19
Q

What happened on the first day of the boycott?

A

10,000 to 15,000 buses were empty

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20
Q

Why was the bus boycott a problem?

A

African Americans provided 75% of the bus company’s business

21
Q

How did the whites try to solve the boycott?

A

Arrested Martin Luther twice, made carpools illegal and set homes and churches on fire

22
Q

What was the effect of the bus boycott?

A

The Supreme Court made segregation in buses in Montgomery illegal

23
Q

How did African Americans get around during the bus boycott?

A

They set up a carpool that carried around 2/3 of the people buses would have carried and the rest walked

24
Q

What was direct action?

A

An action seeking to achieve an immediate/direct result like a strike

25
Q

Name some civil rights groups that staged many peaceful protests after the success of the bus boycott

A
  • Southern Christian leadership conference (SCLC)
  • Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
  • Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE)
26
Q

What was the spring1963 Birmingham Campaign?

A

organised by the SCLC to highlight integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama

27
Q

What was the white people’s reaction to the 1963 Birmingham campaign?

A

Dogs were unleashed on campaigners and over 1000 were arrested, 500 being children and hosepipes soaked people

28
Q

What were the results of the 1963 Birmingham campaign?

A

JF Kennedy got involved and civil rights legislations followed

29
Q

What was the 1960 Greensborough sit in?

A

Non-violent protests in North Carolina against a segregated lunch counter in Greensborough organised by Ezell Blair Jr and 3 other men

30
Q

What was the whites reaction to the Greensborough sit in?

A

The manager called the police but couldn’t do anything as they were paying customers who were not violent

31
Q

What was the results of the Greensborough sit in?

A

Most dining facilities became integrated in the south

32
Q

Why was Malcom X famous?

A

He made Muhammad Ali join his movement and preached black superiority NOT EQUAL RIGHTS

33
Q

When was Malcom X born?

A

May 19th 1925

34
Q

What was the Nation of Islam?

A

An American Islamic religious movement which wanted black and white Americans to be separated and improve black social and economic conditions

35
Q

What is black separatism?

A

A political concept aimed at separating white and black culture and economy

36
Q

What was black power?

A

A political idea that black Americans should reject help from whites

37
Q

Who were the black panthers?

A

A militant group formed in 1966 with 5000 members prepared to use violence

38
Q

What was Malcom X a part of?

A

A major voice of the Black Power movement

39
Q

Who was Cassius Clay?

A

Better known as Mohammed Ali, he was an outspoken critic of racial discrimination

40
Q

What did Stolely Carmichael and the SNCC committee do

A

Sent out the radical view of black power that Americans must reject help of white people when elected chairman in 1966

41
Q

When did African Americans get the right to vote?

A

1957

42
Q

What did the Fair Housing Act if 1968 do?

A

Made racial discrimination illegal when buying and renting homes

43
Q

What happened at one of MLKs marches?

A

His ‘voting rights’ march in Selma Alabama on 7th March 1965 was banned but still went ahead triggering brutal attacks and was dubbed by the media ‘Bloody Sunday’

44
Q

How were people beginning to gain equal rights in cities after 1965?

A

5 cities including Detroit, Atlanta and Cleveland had black mayors

45
Q

When was MLK assassinated?

A

The evening of April 1968 after performing a strong speech

46
Q

What happened after MLKs death?

A

The black community erupted in violent rage and despair causing 46 people to be killed by authorities

47
Q

Why might have MLK been killed?

A

Many thought his time had passed and violent protests were the new way forward

48
Q

When were interracial marriages legalised?

A

1967

History GCSE - USA (12 decks)

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