The neuron has four principal divisions Flashcards
What are dendrites?
Tree-like extensions of the neuron that receive synaptic input from other neurons.
Dendrites can be highly branched, providing a large surface area for many synapses.
What is the function of dendrites?
To receive synaptic input from other neurons.
What are dendritic spines?
Small projections on dendrites that increase the surface area for synapses.
What is the location of the integration zone in a neuron?
Within the cell body (or soma), the central part of the neuron.
What is the primary function of the cell body (soma)?
To integrate information received through dendrites and decide whether to send an electrical signal (action potential).
What constitutes the conduction zone in a neuron?
The axon, a long extension that carries the neuron’s electrical signals away from the cell body.
What is the function of the axon?
To conduct electrical impulses (action potentials) from the soma to the axon terminals.
What is myelin?
An insulating sheath that wraps around some axons, speeding up the transmission of electrical signals.
What are axon collaterals?
Branches of the axon that allow the signal to reach multiple targets.
Where is the output zone located in a neuron?
At the axon terminals (or synaptic boutons), small swellings at the ends of the axon branches.
What is the function of axon terminals?
To transmit the neuron’s electrical signals across synapses to other cells (neurons, muscles, glands).
What happens at the axon terminals?
Neurotransmitters are released to communicate with other neurons or target cells.
