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Pharmacology Made Easy ATI > The Neurological System (Part 1) Overview > Flashcards

The Neurological System (Part 1) Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main segments of the Nervous System?

A

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

The brain and spinal cord both make up the-

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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3
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes the-

A

The Cranial Nerves

The Spinal Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

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4
Q

What do Afferent Sensory Nerves do?

A

Send info to the Spinal Cord and Brain

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5
Q

What do Efferent Sensory Nerves do?

A

Send info from the Brain to the rest of the body

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6
Q

What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) include?

A

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

The Sympathetic Nervous System

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7
Q

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?

A

Protect the body in times of danger and stress

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8
Q

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

A

Maintains the regulatory tasks of the body

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9
Q

What stimulates neurons to send electrical impulses from one neuron to the next?

A

Chemical Neurotransmitters

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10
Q

What are Neurons?

A

Cells that conduct nerve impulses in the CNS and PNS

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11
Q

What are the different parts that make up a Neuron?

A

A Cell Body
Dendrites
An Axon

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12
Q

What does the Cell Body of a Neuron consist of?

A

Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, etc.

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13
Q

What is the thread-like structure that carries nerve impulses away from the Cell Body of a Neuron?

A

The Axon

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14
Q

Axons have multiple appendages that reach out to-

A

Dendrites of nearby Neurons

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15
Q

What is the space between an Axon’s appendages and the neighboring cell’s Dendrites called?

A

The Synaptic Cleft

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16
Q

What causes the electrochemical reactions that occur in the Synaptic Cleft?

A

Depolarization happens because Sodium and Potassium ions get interchanged across the Axon Membrane

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17
Q

What ions regulate the flow of other ions through an Axon Membrane?

A

Calcium Ions

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18
Q

What releases Neurotransmitters? Where do they go to?

A

The Axon of one neuron releases Neurotransmitters onto the Dendrites of another Neuron

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19
Q

Name some Chemical Neurotransmitters that can be found in the CNS?

A

Acetylcholine
Histamine
Gama-Butyric Acid (GABA)
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Monoamines

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20
Q

Name some examples of Monoamines?

A

Dopamine
Serotonin
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

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21
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A

Maintain regulatory functions of the body (via the release of Neurotransmitters) + Protect the body in times of stress and danger

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22
Q

What is the Alpha 1 Sympathetic Receptor responsible for controlling?

A

Pupils
Coronary Arteries
Peripheral Blood Vessels
Intestinal Blood Vessels
Bladder Body
Bladder Sphincter

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23
Q

What is the Alpha 2 Sympathetic Receptor responsible for controlling?

A

Salivary Gland
Intestinal Tone

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24
Q

What is the Beta 1 Sympathetic Receptor responsible for controlling?

A

Heart Rate
Heart Contraction

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25
Q

What is the Beta 2 Sympathetic Receptor responsible for controlling?

A

Coronary Arteries
Peripheral Blood Vessels
Bronchi
Pulmonary Blood Vessels
Uterus

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26
Q

The dilation of the pupils is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

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27
Q

The is a constriction of the pupils is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Parasympathetic

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28
Q

The decreased secretion of the salivary gland is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

29
Q

The increased salivation of the salivary gland is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

A

Parasympathetic

30
Q

Increased heart rate is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

31
Q

Decreased heart rate is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Parasympathetic

32
Q

The increased force of the heart’s contractions is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

33
Q

The decreased force of the heart’s contractions is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Parasympathetic

34
Q

The constriction of the coronary arteries is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

35
Q

The dilation of the coronary arteries is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

36
Q

The relaxation of the coronary arteries is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Parasympathetic

37
Q

The vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

38
Q

The vasodilation of the peripheral blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

39
Q

The dilation of the bronchi is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

40
Q

The constriction of the bronchi is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Parasympathetic

41
Q

The dilation of the pulmonary blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

42
Q

The constriction of the pulmonary blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Parasympathetic

43
Q

A decreased intestinal tone is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

44
Q

The peripheral blood vessels and uterus both don’t have-

A

A parasympathetic response to a stimulus

45
Q

A increased intestinal tone is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Parasympathetic

46
Q

The constriction of the intestinal blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Sympathetic

47
Q

The dilation of the intestinal blood vessels is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction?

A

Parasympathetic

48
Q

Mild relaxation of the bladder body is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction to stimulus?

A

Sympathetic

49
Q

Contraction of the bladder body is a sympathetic or parasympathetic reaction to stimulus?

A

Parasympathetic

50
Q

The constriction of the bladder sphincter is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

A
51
Q

The relaxation of the bladder sphincter is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

A

Parasympathetic

52
Q

The contraction of the uterus is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

A

Sympathetic

53
Q

The relaxation of the uterus is a sympathetic or parasympathetic response to stimulus?

A

Sympathetic

54
Q

The Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2 sensory receptors are all apart of-

A

The ANS

55
Q

What are some chemical neurotransmitters that can be found in the ANS?

A

Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

56
Q

What receptors do the Acetylcholine neurotransmitters stimulate?

A

Cholinergic Receptors

57
Q

What receptors do Epinephrine and Norepinephrine neurotransmitters stimulate?

A

Adrenergic Receptors

58
Q

Medications are Cholinergic or Adrenergic based on-

A

Which neurotransmitter they stimulate

59
Q

What’s the difference between Agonists and Antagonists?

A

Antagonists block the typical action of of a neurotransmitter

Agonists stimulate the typical action of a neurotransmitter

60
Q

How do Agonists stimulate the typical action of a neurotransmitter?

A

Agonists fit into the receptor site like a puzzle piece

61
Q

What does a Cholinergic Antagonist do?

A

Blocks the effects of Acetylcholine

62
Q

What does a Cholinergic Agonist do?

A

Enhances the effects of Acetylcholine

63
Q

What do meds ending with the suffix “-ase” do?

A

They block the degradation of a transmitter by interfering with the enzyme that breaks down the transmitter, prolonging its action

64
Q

Sympathetic reactions to stimuli have little to no effect on-

A

Secretion

65
Q

ANS receptors that chemical transmitters affect fall into-

A

Subtypes

66
Q

What determines the subtype of the ANS receptors affected by chemical transmitters?

A

Location

67
Q

Acetylcholine Receptors that reside on a Ganglia or as a part of the Neuromuscular Junction, may fall into either of which two subtypes?

A

Muscarinic or Nicotinic

68
Q

What are the goals of medication therapy for Neurological Disorders?

A

Depress or increase activity of the CNS

Regulate amounts of CNS neurotransmitters

Stimulate or block autonomic receptors

Pharmacology Made Easy ATI (45 decks)

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