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Pharmacology Made Easy ATI > Critical Care Medications > Flashcards

Critical Care Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Central Venous Access Device (CVAD)?

A

An IV catheter that administers meds / fluids directly to the Superior Vena Cava

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2
Q

A CVAD can address blood and fluid volume needs, deliver meds, and improve or maintain-

A

Organ Perfusion

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3
Q

Movement of oxygenated blood through the body to the tissues =

A

Perfusion

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4
Q

Large volume IV bolus infusions are usually given as-

A

A one time prescription

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5
Q

Large volume IV infusions on a continuous basis are administered for-

A

Fluid & Electrolyte Replacement + Administering Meds

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6
Q

Volume of IV medication / fluid administered over a set period of time =

A

Intermittent IV Bolus Infusion

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7
Q

An Intermittent IV Bolus Infusion can also be called-

A

IV Piggyback

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8
Q

An Intermittent IV Bolus Infusion usually contains how much of a med?

A

50 - 250 mL of solution

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9
Q

Involve a small amount of med, either concentrated or diluted, and are administered over a short time =

A

Small-Volume IV Bolus Infusion

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10
Q

How long does it take to administer a Small-Volume IV Bolus Infusion?

A

About 1-5 min

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11
Q

A Small-Volume IV Bolus Infusion can also be called an-

A

IV Push

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12
Q

A condition of severe hypotension and decreased tissue perfusion =

A

Shock

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13
Q

What’s a Hemorrhage?

A

A loss of blood, externally or internally

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14
Q

During a fluid Bolus, what symptoms should be monitored for?

A

Wheezing, Dyspnea, or other indications of Fluid Overload

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15
Q

When administering a Large Volume Bolus, what should be used to allow for rapid infusion of the fluid?

A

A Central Line or Large Gauge Angiocatheter

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16
Q

What is an Angiocatheter?

A

A flexible tube inserted to a blood vessel to administer IV meds or fluids

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17
Q

What are Continuous IV Med Infusions prescribed in?

A

Units/hr
Mg/hr
Mg/min
Mcg/kg/min

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18
Q

What is Heparin?

A

A med that prevents the formation of blood clots

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19
Q

How is Heparin administered?

A

Only available for SUBQ or IV injection

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20
Q

What can be administered after the pt has an Acute Myocardial Infarction to prevent the formation of blood clots?

A

IV Heparin

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21
Q

What can IV Heparin do for pt’s with Venous Thrombosis or a Pulmonary Embolism?

A

Helps prevent additional clot formation or the further development of existing clots

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22
Q

What should always be available to prevent potential Heparin overdose?

A

Protamine Sulfate

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23
Q

What does Magnesium Sulfate do?

A

Activates many intracellular enzymes + Helps regulate skeletal muscle contractility + Helps blood coagulation

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24
Q

Magnesium Sulfate is important for the treatment of-

A

Seizures caused by Eclampsia, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Cardiac Arrest, Preterm Labor, Magnesium Deficiency

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25
Q

What is Eclampsia?

A

A Hypertensive Disorder after the 20th week of Gestation that results in Seizures

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26
Q

What should be monitored after administering Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Cardiac Status, Neuromuscular Status, Serum Magnesium Levels, Signs of Magnesium Toxicity

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27
Q

What are the signs of Magnesium Toxicity?

A

Hypotension, Depressed Cardiac Function, Depressed / Absent Deep Tendon Reflexes, Respiratory Depression

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28
Q

What should always be made available in case of a potential overdose of Magnesium Sulfate?

A

Calcium Gluconate

29
Q

What is Labetalol?

A

A 3rd Generation Beta Blocker (Has Alpha and Beta activity)

30
Q

What does a Alpha Blockade result in?

A

Vasodilation (Which Decreases Peripheral Resistance and Lowers BP)

31
Q

What does a Beta Blockade do?

A

Decreases HR, Myocardial Contractility, and the AV Node’s Conduction Rate

32
Q

Labetalol’s Vasodilation effect makes this med effective for-

A

Severe Hypertension

33
Q

What should be monitored when taking Labetalol (Non-Intravenously)?

A

Vital Signs and Cardiac Status

34
Q

What should be monitored when taking IV Labetalol?

A

Monitor for Hypotension, Bradycardia, Nausea, Dizziness, Pulmonary Edema, Sweating

35
Q

What is Dopamine?

A

An Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonist

36
Q

What do meds with an Adrenergic Affect mimic?

A

The Sympathetic Nervous System

37
Q

What receptors in the heart are affected by Dopamine?

A

Beta 1 Receptors

38
Q

What does Dopamine do to Cardiac Output?

A

Increases it

39
Q

How can Dopamine increase Tissue Perfusion?

A

Increased Cardiac Output = Increased Tissue Perfusion

40
Q

How does Dopamine affect the kidneys?

A

It activates Dopamine Receptors in the kidneys

41
Q

When the kidney’s Dopamine Receptors are activated, what occurs?

A

The Renal Vessels will Dilate, causing an Increased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and Urinary Output

42
Q

Dopamine’s effects on the kidneys (Increased GFR + Urinary Output) are good for treating-

A

Heart Failure, Cardiogenic Shock, and Septic Shock, where there’s a need for cardiac stimulation and Vasopressor action

43
Q

What’s a Vasopressor?

A

A med that stimulates contraction of blood vessels + Increased BP

44
Q

What should be frequently checked when administering Dopamine?

A

Vital Signs

Continuously Monitor Cardiac Status (Observe for Tachycardia, Dysrhythmias, Angina Pectoris, and Myocardial Infarction)

Monitor IV site closely for Extravasation

45
Q

What is Angina Pectoris?

A

A type of chest pain that occurs when the heart doesn’t get enough blood and oxygen

46
Q

What can high doses of Dopamine cause?

A

Alpha 1 Activation, leading to Local Vasoconstriction

47
Q

What is it called when you modify the volume of a fluid / med in order to maintain physiological parameters?

A

You are Titrating the substance

48
Q

What are some examples of Physiological Parameters?

A

BP + HR + Cardiac Output + Sedation Level

49
Q

You can Titrate an IV infusion of Dopamine to maintain a Systolic BP between-

A

110 - 130 mmHg

50
Q

Some of the meds that require Titrating include-

A

Heparin, Nitroprusside, Norepinephrine, Dobutamine, Nitroglycerin

51
Q

Meds should be Titrated in very small increments to avoid-

A

Extreme Fluctuations in Vital Signs

52
Q

What is Nitroprusside?

A

A non-nitrate Vasodilator that causes direct Vasodilation of both arteries and veins

53
Q

What does taking Nitroprusside do to you?

A

Causes rapid reduction of BP

54
Q

What is a Vasodilator?

A

A type of med that results in the Dilation (Widening) of blood vessels

55
Q

What things is Nitroprusside used to treat?

A

Hypertensive Crisis + Acute Heart Failure

56
Q

When do the effects of Nitroprusside take effect after administration?

A

Immediately

57
Q

What cardiac changes can Nitroprusside cause?

A

Bradycardia + Tachycardia + ECG Changes

58
Q

What things should be monitored when a pt takes Nitroprusside?

A

Vitals (Cardiac Status + BP)

Signs of Thiocyanate Toxicity

59
Q

What are the signs of Thiocyanate Toxicity?

A

Blurred Vision, Tinnitus, Fatigue, Absent Reflexes, Changes in Mental Status

60
Q

What is important to keep in mind about Nitroprusside before administering?

A

It’s light sensitive, so the solution container has to be placed in an opaque wrapper and used within 24 hr

61
Q

What is Nitroglycerin?

A

An organic nitrate that causes direct Vasodilation of both arteries and veins

62
Q

What does taking Nitroglycerin result in?

A

Decreased BP + Decreased Veinous Return + Decreased Cardiac Oxygen Demand

63
Q

Nitroglycerin can be used to treat-

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Hypertensive Crisis

64
Q

How can Nitroglycerin be administered?

A

Sublingually + as a Spray + Transmucosal Tablet + Tropical Ointment + Continuous IV Infusion

65
Q

What do Preloaded Mini-Injection Systems provide?

A

Easy access + quick delivery of a med during an emergency

66
Q

What are some meds that are available as a Mini-Injection System?

A

Atropine, Lidocaine, Sodium Bicarbonate, Epinephrine

67
Q

How much med does one Mini Injection System hold?

A

1 Adult Dose

68
Q

When using a Mini Injection System, what should be used if available?

A

A Central Line

Pharmacology Made Easy ATI (45 decks)

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