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CELL BIO EXAM 3 > The Nervous System: Part Two: The Traffic Control Center > Flashcards

The Nervous System: Part Two: The Traffic Control Center Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The brain acts as more as the?

A

Main processor and director of the entire system

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2
Q

The cranial nerves leave the brain and go mainly to the head where they ?

A

Receive information and send it back to the brain (sensory) and the brain sends back instructions to move (motor)

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3
Q

The brain is divided into three sections called?

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and Brian stem

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4
Q

The Cerebrum is the ?

A

Largest part of the brain

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5
Q

The cerebrum is divided into the?

A

Right and left hemisphere by the longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

The surface of the cerebrum is not smooth, but broken by?

A

Ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) known as convolutions

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7
Q

These convolution serves a very important purpose by?

A

Increasing the surface area of the brain, so you can pack more brain in a smaller space

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8
Q

The lobes are named for the skull bones that?

A

Cover them and occur in pairs, one in each hemisphere

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9
Q

The frontal lobe is responsible for?

A

Motor functions, behavior and emotions, memory storage, thinking, smell

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10
Q

The parietal lobes are involved with?

A

Body sense, perception and speech

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11
Q

The occipital lobes are responsible for?

A

Vision

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12
Q

The temporal lobe is responsible for?

A

Hearing, taste, language comprehension, integration of emotions

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13
Q

Much of the information coming into your brain is contralateral, meaning that the?

A

Right side of your body is controlled by the left side of your cerebral cortex and the left side of your body is controlled by the right side of your cerebral cortex

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14
Q

What type of movement is the precentral gyrus?

A

Voluntary movement

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15
Q

What type of movement is postcentral gyrus ?

A

Detects touch sensation

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16
Q

The frontal lobe contains Broca’s area which?

A

Control motor output for speech

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17
Q

In the partial lobe is the Wernike’s area that is thought to?

A

Control sensory aspect of language

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18
Q

In most people, Broca’s and Wernicke’s area are?

A

In the left hemisphere

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19
Q

There is a fifth lobe that is hidden called the insula which is responsible for ?

A

Autonomic functions

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20
Q

The cerebellum is divided into hemispheres by a raised ridge called?

A

Vermis

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21
Q

The cerebellum is involved in?

A

Sensory and motor coordination and balance

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22
Q

The brain stem is a divided into three sections that are?

A

The medulla oblongata, pons, and the midbrain

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23
Q

The medulla oblongata is responsible for ?

A

Control of heartbeat, respiration, and blood vessel diameter

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24
Q

The pons is just superior to the medulla oblongata and plays a role in?

A

Respiration

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25
Q

The midbrain is a pathway to relay?

A

Sensory and motor information (visual and auditory impulses)

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26
Q

Ventricles are the?

A

Cavities of the brain that is filled with CSF

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27
Q

The CSF is filtered from the blood in the ventricles by tissue called?

A

Choroid plexus

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28
Q

If there is too much CSF then?

A

Pressure inside the skull will rise and eventually crunch brain tissue

29
Q

The condition in which there is too much CSF is called?

A

Hydrocephalus (water on brain)

30
Q

Hydrocephalus can be caused by blockage of the narrow passages connecting ventricles due to?

A

Trauma, a birth defect, tumor, or decreased reabsorption of CSF

31
Q

The diencephalon consists of several parts including the ?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal body, and the pituitary gland which interface with the endocrine system

32
Q

The function if the thalamus is to?

A

Relay and process information going to the cerebrum

33
Q

The function of the hypothalamus is to?

A

Regulate hormone levels, temperature, etc

34
Q

The function of the pineal body is?

A

Responsible for secretion of melatonin (body clock)

35
Q

The pituitary gland functions by?

A

Secretion of hormones for various functions

36
Q

The cerebellum fine tunes voluntary skeletal muscle activity and ?

A

Helps in the maintenance of balance

37
Q

Olfactory (I)

A

Smell

38
Q

Optic (II)

A

Vision

39
Q

Oculomotor (III)

A

Eye movement

40
Q

Trochlear (IV)

A

Eye movement

41
Q

Trogeminal (V)

A

Chewing

42
Q

Abducens (VI)

A

Eye movement

43
Q

Facial (VII)

A

Facial expression and sensation of taste

44
Q

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

A

Hearing and balance

45
Q

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

A

Taste sensation, tongue and throat muscle

46
Q

Vagus (X)

A

Heart, lungs, taste buds

47
Q

Accessory (XI)

A

Soft palate, trapezius, and sternoclidomastoid muscles

48
Q

Hypoglossal (XII)

A

Tongue muscle

49
Q

The somatic sensation includes ?

A

Fine/crude touch, vibration, pain, temperature, and body position

50
Q

Patients with Parkinson’s disorder have?

A

Difficulty walking, swallowing, and have tremors when sitting

51
Q

The somatic system controls?

A

Skeletal muscles

52
Q

The autonomic system controls physiological characteristics such as ?

A

Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, digestion, and sweating

53
Q

The sympathetic division controls the ?

A

“Fight or flight” response in case of emergencies

54
Q

The function of the parasympathetic division is describes as?

A

“Rest and repose” as it has the opposite effect of the sympathetic division

55
Q

The parasympathetic effects include?

A

Decreased heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure, increased digestive activity including salvation

56
Q

The limbic system is involved in?

A

Mood, emotion, and memory

57
Q

The reticular system is vital for the?

A

Maintenance of conscious awareness of your surroundings

58
Q

In spastic paralysis the muscles ?

A

Contract randomly and reflexes do not have any control signal from the brain

59
Q

What causes spastic paralysis?

A

Strokes, head injuries, and spinal cord injury

60
Q

Flaccid paralysis is caused by damage to the spinal nerves, so?

A

Impulses cannot get to the muscle from the motor neuron

61
Q

Flaccid paralysis occurs with peripheral injury or disorder like?

A

Polio or Guillain-Barré syndrome

62
Q

Cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by?

A

Improper development or damage to the motor system of the brain

63
Q

A cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or stoke is caused by interruption of blood flow to a portion of the brain due to ?

A

Hemorrhage or blood clot, if oxygen supply is disrupted long enough, the brain cells will die

64
Q

Symptoms of CVA can include?

A

Paralysis, inability to speak, blindness, loss of memory, or lack of sensation

65
Q

Subdural hematomas are caused by ?

A

Head injuries rupturing tiny blood vessels

66
Q

The covering of the brain are the ?

A

Meninges

67
Q

The layer of gray matter surrounding the white matter of the brain is the?

A

Cortex

68
Q

The fluid filled cavities in the brain are called?

A

Ventricles

69
Q

These structures are involved in motor coordination ?

A

Basal nuclei

CELL BIO EXAM 3 (4 decks)

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