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Bio > The Nervous System And Homeostasis > Flashcards

The Nervous System And Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

4 main functions of the nervous system

A
  • Orientation- to the external environment through the use of senses
  • Coordination- dexterity trough the use of voluntary muscles
  • Assimilation- learning
  • Instinctive Acts- social interactions, survival, love, laughing, crying, shock
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2
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Contains the brain and spinal cord (involuntary)

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

All other nerves in the body, relay info from the environment and other parts of the body. Can be voluntary (muscles) or involuntary (senses)

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4
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Body to brain

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5
Q

Motor neuron

A

brain to body

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6
Q

Interneuron

A

Relay impulses in-between sensory and motor neurons. Found in the spinal cord

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive informations from the environment or from other neurons and send an impulse on to the sell body of the neuron

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8
Q

Cell body

A

Contains the nucleus and other organelles

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9
Q

Axon

A

Extensions of the cytoplasm that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

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10
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulated covering over the axon of a neuron

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11
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Regularly occurring gaps between sections of myelin sheath along the axon

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12
Q

Schwann cell

A

Special type of cells that produce myelin sheath

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13
Q

Neurilemma

A

Delicate membrane that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, promotes nerve regeneration

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14
Q

Synapses

A

Small spaces between neurons or between neurons and effectors

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15
Q

End Plate

A

The end opposite of the dendrites is called the end plate of the axon, this is where neurotransmitters are released

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16
Q

Acetylcholine

A

A neurotransmitter making the post synaptic neuron more permeable to Na+

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17
Q

Cholinesterase

A

An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, closing the sodium channels. Released from the dendrite end.

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18
Q

Reflex Arc

A

Very simple pathway that controls our reflexes. Occurs without the brains involvement; however the brain will receive a message of the impulses being received and sent

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19
Q

Receptor

A

Part of the body that receives the stimulus, there are many of these

20
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carry messages from the body to the brain

21
Q

Interneuron

A

Within the spinal cord, relays between the sensory and motor neurons. Somewhat gauging if the impulse is an emergency or not

22
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carries messages from the CNS to the body

23
Q

Effector

A

Carry out the action required, effectors are usually muscles

24
Q

Resting potential

A

Is a steady charge difference across the cell membrane and neurons

25
Q

Action potential

A

Occurs when the neuron is stimulated. The largest charge difference between the membrane

26
Q

Polarized

A

Refers to the concept that there is and equal division of charged ions

27
Q

Depolarization

A

A reversal of the normal resting potential begins is usual accomplished by diffusion of Na+ ions into the nerve cell

28
Q

Repolarization

A

The process of restoring the original polarity of the nerve membrane

29
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

Through the process of active transport sodium and potassium are returned to there initial areas returning the chemicals to normal

30
Q

Refractory Period

A

Recovery time (after repolarization) required beige a neuron can produce another action potential

31
Q

Threshold level

A

Minimum level of a stimulus required for producing a response

32
Q

All-Or-None Response

A

A nerve or muscle responds completely or not at all

33
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Shock absorber and a transporter medium carrying nutrients and waste from the cells around the spinal cord

34
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor areas, control voluntary muscles, personality, speech, emotion

35
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Sensory areas of hearing and smell

36
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory information of touch, taste, some memory

37
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

38
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Breathing and heart rate

39
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination dexterity/balance

40
Q

Cerebrum

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobe

41
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Tells the pituitary what to do with factors

42
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Contrail many other glands of the body

43
Q

Pons

A

Connects right and left cerebellum

44
Q

Natural painkillers or endorphins

A

Manufactured by the brains and mask the amount of pain that a certain pain receptor within out body is detecting

45
Q

Opiates

A

Prevent the production of pain transmitters

46
Q

The nervous system

A

Link between external environment and the many internal (physiological and psychological) mechanisms

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