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Psychology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

The Nervous System

A
  • vast, complex communication system that monitors and controls all that we do
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2
Q

2 Main Parts of Nervous System

A
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)

- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • consists of brain and spinal cord
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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A
  • involves all other nerves
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5
Q

3 Main physical sections of brain

A
  • hindbrain
  • midbrain
  • forebrain
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6
Q

Hindbrain

A
  • base of the brain at the back of the skull

- made up for brainstem and cerebellum

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7
Q

Brainstem

A
  • controls vital activities

eg. heart rate, breathing, sleeping and reflex actions

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8
Q

Cerellum

A
  • coordinated voluntary movement
  • responsible for motor control and balance
  • makes movements coordinated and precise
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9
Q

Midbrain

A
  • sits on top of the brainstem under the cerebral hemispheres
  • brains sensory switchboard
  • receives messages from all the senses except smell and sends them to higher brain regions that deal with hearing, seeing, tasting and touching
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10
Q

Forebrain

A
  • most highly developed and largest part of the brain
  • major role in how we think/act/behave
  • outer layer: cerebral cortex
  • contains cerebrum, limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus
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11
Q

Cerebral cortex (cerebrum)

A
  • outer layer of brain

- has two halves (hemispheres) that are separated by a deep grove

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12
Q

Corpus Callosum

A
  • deep grove that connects two hemispheres together

- helps both sides of the brain to communicate

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13
Q

Lobes

A
  • frontal
  • temporal
  • occipital
  • parietal
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14
Q

Frontal Lobe

A
  • higher mental ability
  • control of movement
  • personality
  • reasoning
  • problem solving
    DAMAGE:
  • person’s personality may change
  • capacity for reasoning/problem solving is reduced
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15
Q

Temporal Lobe

A
  • speech
  • hearing
    DAMAGE:
  • affects persons language ability
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16
Q

Occipital Lobe

A
  • vision
    DAMAGE:
  • affects vision
  • blindness
17
Q

Parietal Lobe

A
  • bodily sensations eg. temp and touch
    DAMAGE:
  • reduction in bodily feelings
18
Q

Association cortex

A
  • assists with language/mental abilities
    DAMAGE:
  • problems with language such as odd pronunciation and slurred speech
19
Q

Parts of neuron

A
  • cell body
  • dendrites
  • axon
  • myelin sheath
20
Q

Cell body

A
  • contains nucleus
  • controls the maintenance and metabolic function of the cell
  • energy needed for processed are provided by mitochondria in the cell body
21
Q

Dendrites

A
  • receive incoming information from other neurons and transmit it to the cell body
22
Q

Axon

A
  • transmit information from the cell body to other neurons
23
Q

Myelin Sheath

A
  • protects the axon

- assists with speedy transmission of nerve impulses

24
Q

2 Main parts of the peripheral nervous system

A
  • Somatic Nervous System

- Autonomic Nervous System

25
Q

Somatic Nervous System (Senses)

A
  • monitors bodily functions
  • receives sensory information from organs such as skin, eyes, ears
  • carries messages from CNS to muscles
  • helps understand what is going on in the environment
  • COMMUNICATES INFORMATION FROM THE SENSORY ORGANS AND MOTOR MESSAGED FROM CNS TO THE MUSCLE
26
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (Automatic)

A
  • Neurons sending messages from the brain to the smooth muscle e.g. heart, lungs, blood vessels
  • regulates INVOLUNTARY functions
  • NERVES CONNECTED TO THE HEART, GLANDS AND SMOOTH MUSCLE
27
Q

2 parts of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Sympathetic Nervous System

- Parasympathetic Nervous System

28
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A
  • fight or flight
  • emergency/arousal
  • during times of high emotion (stress/threat)
  • increases activity level of some body systems
29
Q

Adrenaline/Noradrenaline

A
  • increase heart rate
  • increase blood pressure
  • increase emergency and breathing rate
30
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A
  • rest and digest
  • reverses effect of sympathetic nervous system
  • functions return to normal
  • keeps body in a state of homeostasis (maintaining a constant internal environment)

Psychology (9 decks)

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