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Medical Terminology > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Basic nerve cell

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1
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Carry message to the cell body

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2
Q

What is an axon?

A

Carries message out of cell body.

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3
Q

What is the Myelin sheath?

A

Appears white, “white matter”, covers the axon

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4
Q

What Is gray matter?

A

Doesn’t have myelin sheath

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5
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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6
Q

What is the first cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory

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7
Q

What is the second cranial nerve?

A

Optic

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8
Q

Cerebell/o?

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

Cerebr/o?

A

Cerebrum

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10
Q

Gli/o?

A

Glue

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11
Q

What is CNS?

A

Central nervous system

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12
Q

What makes up a neuron?

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

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13
Q

What is neuroglia?

A

Supporting tissues of the nervous system, nerve glue

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14
Q

What is the cell body?

A

The sending and receiving center

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15
Q

A nerve cell can have more than one ____.

A

Dendrite

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16
Q

Nerve cell can only have one ____.

A

Axon

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17
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

Fatty covering, speeds impulses along

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18
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The connection point between two neurons or point between the axon and muscle

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19
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Chemical that facilitates nerve transmission across synapse, hormones are typical neurotransmitters

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20
Q

How any lobes are in the brain?

A

Four

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21
Q

Wha are the four lobes?

A

Frontal (1)
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital (1)

22
Q

What is the pons?

A

Acts as a bridge in the brain that series messages from the cerebrum to temporal lobe

23
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

Controls basic life support

Ex: breathing, BP, heart rate, coughing

24
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

Largest part of the brain

25
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

Spinal fluid

26
Q

What are meninges?

A

Membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord

27
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

A 
Dura mater (tough outer later)
Arachnoid (web like middle layer)
Pia mater (soft inner layer)
28
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

29
Q

Wha does the somatic nervous system control?

A

Conscious action

30
Q

What does the Autonomic nervous system do?

A

Automatic function such as with heart and lungs

31
Q

What does the automatic nervous system break down into?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

32
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or flight

33
Q

What is parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Returns body to homeostatic state

34
Q

What causes a concussion?

A

Severe blowto the head

35
Q

What is subdural hematoma?

A

Underneath the dura blood tumor

36
Q

What is a epidural hematoma?

A

On the dura blood tumor

37
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Bulging out of a vessel, ballooning

38
Q

What is LP?

A

Lumbar puncture / spinal tap

39
Q

What is ADHD?

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

40
Q

CNS?

A

Central nervous system

41
Q

IQ?

A

Intelligence quotient

42
Q

OCD?

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder

43
Q

PNS?

A

Peripheral nervous system

44
Q

The nervous system is the ______ in the body.

A

Most complex

45
Q

What are te two divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

46
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

Coordinates involuntary actions such as reflexes
Coordinates voluntary actions such as walking
Maintains homeostasis in the body

47
Q

What is another name for sensory neurons?

A

Afferent

48
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Carries message into CNS and delivers a central neuron

49
Q

What is another name for the central neuron?

A

Connecting

50
Q

The central neuron is only in the ____.

A

CNS

51
Q

What is another name for motor neurons?

A

Efferent

52
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Action/effect, make movement

53
Q

What are nerves?

A

Group of axons in the body

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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