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A&P 146 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two structural divisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS

PNS

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1
Q

Coordinating agency for all systems

A

The nervous system

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2
Q

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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3
Q

Consists of all the cranial and spinal nerves

A

PNS

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4
Q

Nonconducting cells that produce and support

A

Neuralgia or glial cells

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5
Q

Neuroglial cells that produces myelin in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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6
Q

Most abundant neuroglial cell in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

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7
Q

The neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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8
Q

Fatty material covering some axons that insulates and protects the fiber

A

Myelin

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9
Q

Functional conducting cells of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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10
Q

Neuron fibers that conduct impulses to the cell body; receptors

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

A

Axons

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12
Q

Has myelin axons

A

White matter

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13
Q

Has non-myelinated structures

Ex.

A

Gray matter

Ex. Cell bodies, dendrites

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14
Q

Spaces or gaps between Myelin sheaths

A

Nodes

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15
Q

Outermost thin coating of Schwann cells

A

Neurilemma

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16
Q

Point of junction for transmission of the nerve impulse

A

Synapse

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17
Q

Chemical released that enables a nerve impulse to cross a synapse

A

Neurotransmitter

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18
Q

Gap between neural cells; Where the neurotransmitter is secreted

A

Synaptic cleft

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19
Q

Site that responds to a neurotransmitter

A

Receptor

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20
Q

Type of neuron found in the central nervous system; Have several dendrites in one axon

A

Multipolar neuron

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21
Q

Found in PNS; Have one axon and one dendrite

A

Bipolar neuron

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22
Q

Found in PNS; have 1 projection

A

Unipolar

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23
Q

Conduct impulses to CNS

A

Sensory/afferent neurons

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24
Carry impulses from CNS out to muscles and glands
Motor/efferent neurons
25
Relay information within CNS
Interneurons
26
Muscle or gland that responds to a stimulus
Effector
27
During a nerve impulse, depolarization and repolarization are brought about by a rapid shift in which two ions across the cell membrane?
Sodium and Potassium
28
Complete pathway from stimulus to response
Reflex arc
29
Detects a stimulus, such as dendrite
Receptor
30
Transmits impulse towards CNS
Sensory/afferent neuron
31
Where impulses are coordinated and a response is organized
CNS (integration center)
32
Carries impulse away from CNS
Motor/efferent neuron
33
Muscle or gland outside the CNS that carries out a response
Effector
34
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
35
Network of vessels or nerves
Plexuses
36
Control over
Somatic
37
No control over
Anatomic
38
What is the functional division of the CNS?
Somatic nervous system
39
What is the functional division of the PNS?
Autonomic nervous system
40
Which two branches does the autonomic nervous system break off into?
Sympathetic | Parasympathetic
41
Voluntary; Controls skeletal muscle
Somatic nervous system
42
Involuntary; controls smooth muscle and cardiac muscle; Controls viscera organs
Autonomic nervous system
43
Stimulates a stress response "adrengic"
Sympathetic
44
Reverses the stimulus of a stress response "Cholinergic"
Parasympathetic
45
Layers of connective tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
46
Thickest to outermost membrane (tough mother)
Dura mater
47
The middle layer (spider appearance)
Arachnoid
48
Most inner layer
Pia mater
49
Formed in spaces within the brain called ventricles
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
50
Fluid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
51
Largest part of the brain; Divided by longitudinal fissure
Cerebrum
52
Helps information get to left and right side; white matter
Corpus callosum
53
Outside edges of cerebrum
Cerebral cortex
54
Motor area (Broca's area) ; movement and speech
Frontal lobe
55
Sensory area; touch, pain, and temperature
Parietal lobe
56
Auditory area; olfactory area
Temporal lobe
57
Visual area
Occipital
58
Cortex folds form elevated portions known as _______.
Gyri (Gyrus)
59
Shallow grooves in the cortex
Sulci (sulcus)
60
Between frontal and parietal lobes
Central sulcus
61
Separates Temporel lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
Lateral sulcus
62
A very deep groove
Fissure
63
Separates the right and left hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
64
Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
Transverse fissure
65
Extension of Dura mater between cerebral hemispheres
Falx cerebri
66
What two parts make up the diencephalon?
Thalamus | Hypothalamus
67
Direct sensory impulses to cortex
Thalamus
68
Maintains homeostasis, controls the Pituitary gland, controls body temperature, water balance, sleep, appetite, and some emotions such as fear and pleasure
Hypothalamus
69
Contains parts of the cerebrum and diencephalon; controls emotion and behavior
Limbic system
70
What three parts make up the brainstem?
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
71
Involved and eye and ear reflexes; top portion of brain stem
Midbrain
72
In middle of brainstem; involved in respiration rates
Pons
73
Has three vital centers
Medulla oblongata
74
What are the three vital centers of the medulla oblongata?
Cardiac Vasomotor Respiratory
75
Part of the medulla oblongata that controls heart rate
Cardiac center
76
Part of the medulla oblongata that controls the dilation and restriction of blood vessels
Vasomotor center
77
Part of the medulla oblongata that controls respiratory rates
Respiratory
78
"Little brain"; coordination, balance, muscle tone, and posture
Cerebellum
79
What are the four different types of machines used for brain studies?
CT MRI PET EEG
80
Connects the third and fourth ventricles
Cerebral aqueduct
81
Motor neurons that convey information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
Efferent

A&P 146 (4 decks)

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