The Nervous System

Question 1

3 facts about neurons

Answer 1

1. Neurons are some of the longest-lived cells in your body
2. Neurons are irreplaceable
3. Neurons have huge appetites

Question 2

Two major categories of the nervous system

Answer 2

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 3

The brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 4

All the nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord with sensory receptors, muscles, and glands

Question 5

Two subcategories the PNS can be divided into?

Answer 5

Afferent peripheral system (involuntary) and efferent peripheral system (voluntary)

Question 6

The APS consists of,….

Answer 6

Afferent or sensory neurons that convey information from receptors in periphery of the body to brain & spinal cord

Question 7

The EPS consists of…..

Answer 7

Efferent or more neurons that convey information from brain & spinal cord to muscle & glands.

Question 8

2 subcategories of the EPS

Answer 8

Somatic nervous system & automatic nervous system

Question 9

What conducts impulses from the brain & spinal cord to skeletal muscle, causing us to respond or react to change in external environment?

Answer 9

The somatic nervous system

Question 10

Conducts impulses from the brain & spinal cord to smooth muscle tissue to cardiac muscle tissue of the heart, and to glands?

Answer 10

The automatic nervous system

Question 11

Two divisions of the ANS

Answer 11

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 12

Two divisions of the ANS

Answer 12

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 13

What neurotransmitters does parasympathetic uses at nerve endings

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

What neurotransmitters does sympathetic uses?

Answer 14

Norepinephrine

Question 15

What cell is most dominate in brain

Answer 15

Neuroglia cells make up 60%

Question 16

composed of cells that perform support and protection are…..

Answer 16

Neuroglia cells

Question 17

Do neuroglia cells conduct impulses?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Starship cells that wrap around nerve cells to form supporting network in brain and spinal cord.
-attach neurons to their blood vessels, helping regulate nutrients and ions needed by nerve cells

Answer 18

Astrocytes

Question 19

Multipolar neuron and location

Answer 19

Several dendrites coming off cell body -used for reaction to stimulus
Mostly in spinal cord and brain

Question 20

Bipolar neuron and where it is located

Answer 20

One dendrite and one axon
Only found in retina of the eye, inner ear, and olfactory area of the nose

Question 21

Unipolar neuron

Answer 21

One process extending from cell body

Question 22

What structure of the neuron detects environmental stimuli

Answer 22

Receptors

Question 23

What structure of the neuron
receives impulse from receptor site

Answer 23

Sensory

Question 24

What structure of the neuron transmit impulse for interpretation and processing

Answer 24

Internuncial

Question 25

What structure of the neuron has a reaction to the stimulus

Answer 25

Motor

Question 26

-na+ concentration higher outside -K+ concentration higher inside -negative charge on inside -positive charge on outside

Answer 26

Nerve cell fiver resting potential

Question 27

Depolarization is….

Answer 27

Na+ rushing inside cell

Question 28

Repolarization is ….

Answer 28

K+ rushing out to restore balance

Question 29

Neurotransmitters within the synaptic transmission

Answer 29

-acetylcholine (most common) -epinephrine -Norepinephrine -serotonin -dopamine -endorphins

Question 30

Neurotransmitters - GABA

Answer 30

-calms down the nerves in CNS -assist in motor control & vision

Question 31

Adrenaline ( epinephrine neurontransmitter )

Answer 31

-produced in stress or exciting situations -triggers the sympathetic system -comes from adrenal medulla -potentiates the alpha & beta receptors

Question 32

What affects attention, involved in fight or flight response, potentiates the alpha receptors

Answer 32

Norepinephrine

Question 33

What is the common brain neurotransmitter that is involved in learning & memory, regulates the development / creation of new nerve contacts

Answer 33

Glutamate

Question 34

-released during any physical activity -produces feelings of well being &!euhoria Reduces pain

Answer 34

Neurotransmitters - endorphins

Question 35

The equation for happiness

Answer 35

Serotonin + dopamine + endorphins + oxytocin = HAPPY

Question 36

The happy neurotransmitter that increases with human contact and reinforces bonding / empathy

Answer 36

Oxytocin

Question 37

White matter is….

Answer 37

Groups of myelinated axons -forms nerve fibers in CNS

Question 38

Gray matter is…

Answer 38

-nerve cells bodies and dendrites -myelinated axon bundles

Question 39

Gray matter is outside, white matter is inside is…

Answer 39

The brain

Question 40

Gray matter is inside, white matters outside…

Answer 40

The spinal cord

Question 41

Bundle of fibres outside CNS

Answer 41

Nerve

Question 42

Bundle of fibres inside CNS

Answer 42

Tract

Question 44

Nerve cell bodies outside CNS

Answer 44

Ganglia

Question 45

Nerve cell bodies and dendrites inside CNS

Answer 45

Nucleus

Question 46

Areas of gray matter and spinal cord

Answer 46

Horns

Question 47

What is protected by meninges?

Answer 47

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 48

Connects spinal cord with brain

Answer 48

Brain stem - medulla oblongata

Question 49

What contains the pineal gland

Answer 49

Epithalamus

Question 50

What controls pituitary gland and links endocrine and nervous system systems -Controls and integrates autonomic nervous system

Answer 50

Hypothalamus

Question 51

Folds within the cerebrum?

Answer 51

Gyri

Question 52

What bridge connecting to hemispheres?

Answer 52

Corpus callosum

Question 53

Part of cerebrum that deals with hearing, smell, memory, abstract, judgment?

Answer 53

Temporal lobe

Question 54

Part of cerebrum - touch, pain, balance, taste, tempuratre

Answer 54

Parietal lobe

Question 55

Part of cerebrum - muscle movement, moods, aggression, smell, motivation

Answer 55

Frontal lobe

Question 56

neurofibrils nodes (assist in developing action potential for nerve transmission) is also known as...

Answer 56

nodes of ranvier

Question 57

neurolemmocytes is also known as....

Answer 57

schwann cells