Muscular system Flashcards by Gloire Botsimba

What do Les naming and actions of skeletal muscle consist of?

Action, shape, origin and insertion, location, direction of fibers

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What word means “more fixed attachment of muscle”

Origin

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Movable attachment of muscle

Insertion

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Aponeurosis

Wide flat tendon

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Flexors

Bend limb at a joint -shorten the angle of a point

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Straighten limb at a joint-increase the angle of a joint

Extensor

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Move limb away from midline

Abduction

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Adductors

Bring limb towards midline

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Dorsiflexors

Raise the foot

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Plantar flexors

Lower the foot

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Turn palm upwards

Supinators

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Turn palm downwards

Pronators

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Rectus

Pulling together the two ends

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Longest muscle of the body

Sartorius

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Depressors

Lower a part of the body

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Mastication muscles

Masseter, tempralis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

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Muscles of facial expressions

Occipitalis
Frontalis
Zygomaticus
Levator labii superior is
Orbicularis oris and buccinator

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External intercostal

Helps to lift chest up when inhaling

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The major muscle that moves the head

Sternocleidmastoid

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What is muscle cells often referred to as?

Muscle fibres

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Are each muscle cell and fibre multi nucleotide and surrounded by a special cell membrane?

YESSS!!!

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The entire muscle consists of a number of skeletal muscle bundles called

Fasciculi/fascicle

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Each bundle of muscle cells or fascicle is surrounded by another layer of connective tissue called…

Perimysium

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What tissue covers the whole muscle trunk on top of the epimysium and is called the fascia ?

Aerolar tissue

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What is referred to as cross-straitions?

The alternating dark and light bands on skilled muscle

What’s the name of the dark lines and what is it made of?

A bands, thick filaments of the protein myosin

The light bands are made of the thin filaments of the protein___ And are called the_____.

Actin, I band

What’s the name of thousands of tiny units that make up a muscle cell?

Muscle fibres

The sarcotubular system is made up of what two components

The T-system(tubules), and the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Each myofibril is made up of microscopic filaments of the _____and ___.

protein myosin and actin

Why are motor neurons called a motor unit?

They (the muscle cells) are always excited simultaneously, and therefore contract together

What are the four properties that muscle cells possess?

Excitability, conductivity, contractility, and elasticity.

What allows the cell to return to its original shape after contraction?

Elasticity

Muscle contraction is caused by the interaction of three factor:

Neurological factors, chemical, interactions, and energy sources.

What situation is known as the muscle cells resting potential?

Inside of the cell= negatively charged and= positively charged electrically

Describe the process from the nerve impulse reaching the neuromuscular junction to action potential

Neuro impulse reaches the neuromuscular junction, where the axon terminal is in close proximity to the muscle and cells, it triggers, the axon terminals to release a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. Thus chemical substance affects the muscle cell membrane, this rapid influx of sodium ions creates in electrical potential Influx of NA+ causes inside cell to go from — to + This signals Causes muscle to contract Muscle creates its own impulse called action potential.

Explain the process from action potential to T-Tubules pt2

The potassium ions on inside move outside to restore resting potential Can’t change back to resting potential because influx in NA+ rushing in This A.P. Travels over surface of muscle cell membrane but down into cell by way of T tubules & deep in all cells that make up muscle

Explain from T tubules to sarcoplasmic reticulum pt3

Action potential causes the S.R to release stored calcium ions into fluid surrounding myofibrils of muscle cell Surrounding the act on my filaments are two inhibitor substances : troponin, and tropomyosin. These substances keep acting and myosin protein filaments from interacting. However, when calcium ions released by S.R, these inhibitors substances is negated.

What facial muscle raises eyebrows

The frontalis

What muscle is involved in smiling and laughing?

The zygomaticus

What muscle is involved in raising the upper lip?

The Levator labii superioris

What facial muscle compresses the cheek?

The buccinator

What are the main muscles that close your job by bringing up the mandible? And what facial muscle are they assisted by?

The masseter and the temporalis. Assisted by pterygoid

The eye muscle that raises the eye??

The superior rectus

The eye muscle that lowers the eye

Inferior rectus

The ____rolls the eye medially And the____ rose the eye laterally

Medial rectus and lateral rectus

The___and ____muscles rotate the eyeball on the neck

Superior and inferior oblique

The main muscle that moves the head is the

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscles that move the scapula

Lavetor scapulae, the rhomboids, the pectoralis minor, and trapezius

muscles involved in breathing

Diaphragm External intercostal elevates the lungs when we breathe in, and the internal intercostal depresses the ribs when we breathe out

A decrease in muscle bulk due to lack of exercise

Atrophy

Inflammation of the connective tissue (fascia)

Plantar fasciitis

Form of rheumatism, doesn’t affect joints, long-term tendon, and muscle pain accompanied by stiffness, muscle spasms, and fatigue

Fibromyalgia

Hypertrophy

More protein synthesis than protein breakdown in the muscle Increased workload due exercise

Contracture

Shortening and hardening of muscle, tendons, other tissues Sabrina palsy and stroke or other factors can cause this

Dystrophy

Group of diseases that caused progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass

Aponeurosis is another name for

A wide, flat tendon

Muscle responsible for making the palm face upward

The supinator

Muscle responsible for making palm face downward

The pronator quadtraus

Flexes the arm and supinates the hand

Biceps brachii

Flexes the thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis

Flexes the forearm

Brachialis

Flexes and assists the wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes the terminal phalanx of hand

Flexor digitorum profundus

Metatarsal vs metacarpal

Toes, metacarpal = fingers

What bone is the patella

The kneecap

Primer mover (agonist) is…

Principle muscle involved in an action

End of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the structure ( usually a bone) that is moved when the muscle contracts

Insertion

Synergist

Muscle whose concentration helps a prime mover in an action

Muscle that opposes the action of an action

Antagonist

An increase in joint angle with movement

Extension

Agonist

Muscle whose concentration is responsible for producing a particular motion