The Nervous System Flashcards
To master the nervous system in biology
Describe the role of sensory neurones in the nervous system.
Sensory neurones carry impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.
Define the function of motor neurones.
Motor neurones carry impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs.
How do relay neurones function within the central nervous system?
Relay neurones are found only in the central nervous system and pass impulses between sensory and motor neurones.
Explain the structure of a sensory neurone.
A sensory neurone has dendrites that collect impulses from receptor cells, a cell body, and an axon that carries impulses towards the central nervous system.
How do impulses travel along a motor neurone?
Impulses travel away from the cell body through the axon to the effector organs.
What is the significance of the fatty myelin sheath in neurones?
The fatty myelin sheath insulates the electrical impulse, allowing it to jump between nodes and speeding up transmission.
Describe the process of impulse transmission in neurones.
The electrical impulse travels along the neurone, jumping from one node in the myelin sheath to the next, which increases the speed of transmission.
What are the three main types of neurones?
The three main types of neurones are sensory neurones, motor neurones, and relay neurones.
How do dendrites function in a neurone?
Dendrites collect impulses from receptor cells and transmit them to the cell body.
Explain the role of axon endings in neurones.
Axon endings transmit impulses to other neurones or effector organs.
Describe the function of the axon in a neuron.
The axon carries impulses away from the cell body.
Explain the role of dendrites in the nervous system.
Dendrites receive impulses from receptor cells and other neurons.
Define the myelin sheath and its purpose.
The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that provides electrical insulation around the neuron.
How do sensory neurons function in the nervous system?
Sensory neurons transmit sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system.
What is the role of motor neurons?
Motor neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles or glands.
Compare the functions of sensory, motor, and relay neurons.
Sensory neurons receive and transmit sensory information, motor neurons send signals to effectors, and relay neurons connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system.
Explain how the structure of a sensory neuron supports its function.
The structure of a sensory neuron includes long dendrites to receive signals and a long axon to transmit impulses to the central nervous system.
