DNA Flashcards
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Where is DNA located
Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells such as plant or animal cells. It is also found free in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells such as bacterial cells as they do not have membrane-bound organelles (nucleus)
What does DNA provide
To provide the instructions for building or synthesizing all proteins required in the cell
What does the nucleus control
The activity of the cell
What is the structure of DNA
Consists of two strands, coiled together in a double-helix structure
How are chromosomes formed
The DNA is coiled around many times, to form the structure, supercoiling gives it a compact structure, which allows a lot more information to be stored in a small place
What is the DNA double helix polymer made up of
Individual nucleotide base units
What are the 3 nucleotide bases called
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and base (A-T or C-G)
What are the 4 different types of nucleotide found in base
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
What is the pentagonal structure in the nucleotide bases called
Deoxyribose sugar
What is the circle structure of the nucleotide bases called
Phosphate
What are bases joined with
The sugar-phosphate backbone
How do bases form pairs
Hydrogen bonds
What is the pairing of bases pairing
Complementary base pairing
