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The Body Systems > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system and their components ?

A
  1. The central nervous system- brain & spinal cord
  2. The peripheral nervous system- all other nerves
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2
Q

What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonomic nervous system: parasympathetic and sympathetic

Somatic nervous system: Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent) division

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3
Q

What are the cells of the nervous system?

A

Neurones
Schwann Cells
Neuroglial/Glial Cells

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4
Q

What are the two properties of neurones?

A

Irritability
conductivity

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5
Q

What are the key features of neurones?

A

Cell body
Axon
Schwann Cells
Nodes of Ranvier
Dendrites
Synaptic end bulb

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6
Q

What do Schwann cells do?

A

Layers form the myelin sheath
Acts an insulator

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7
Q

What are the nodes of Ranvier and what do they do?

A

Gaps in myelin sheath
Assist rapid transmission of action potentials in myelinated neurones

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8
Q

What is the function of a dendrite?

A

Form synapses with other dendrites
Provide a large surface area to receive information to pass to the cell body

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9
Q

Name the neuroglial cells.

A

Microglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

What is the main function of Astrocytes?

A

Main supporting tissue of the CNS
Forms part of the blood brain barrier.

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11
Q

What do sign synaptic end bulbs contain?

A

Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters.

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12
Q

A nerve impulse running TO the brain and CNS is known as?
A nerve impulse running FROM the brain and CNS is known as?

A

Afferent (sensory)
Efferent (motor)

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13
Q

Give 3 characteristics of nerve impulses?

A

Travels in one direction
Can only send one message at one speed
The frequency or number of pulses can vary

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14
Q

What is the characteristic of the ion channels in the Axon?

A

Voltage gated

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15
Q

What are the stages in a neural impulse?

A

• Resting neuron
• Excitatory stimulus
• Sodium channels open
• Sodium irons enter the neuron
• Potassium channels open
• Potassium ions leave the neuron
• Recharging phase

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16
Q

How does a nerve impulse transmit to the next nerve?

A

• Neurotransmitters stored in vesicles in synaptic end knob
• Neurotransmitter released into synapse
• Nearby transmitter received by neighbouring dendrite

17
Q

Where are neurotransmitters made?

A

In the cell body of the neurones

18
Q

Name two neurotransmitters

A

Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
Dopamine
Histamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine

19
Q

Give one example of the importance of nerve impulses in dentistry

A

Local anaesthesia
Neuralgia

The Body Systems (6 decks)

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