Immunology / Immune System

Question 1

What is another name for antibody

Answer 1

Immunoglobulin

Question 2

Which type of cell of the Immune system produces antibodies

Answer 2

B cell

Question 3

What is the main role of antibodies

Answer 3

preventing a virus from producing itself quickly

Question 4

What are the 5 antibody types

Answer 4

Immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

Question 5

Which of the following best describes antibody - mediated immunity

a) branch of the immune system which combats antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells
b) enabled by antigen production from B cells
c) also known as humoral immunity
d) all of the above

Answer 5

Answer: d) all of the above

Question 6

Immunoglobulins are able to identify and block specific antigens

True or false

Answer 6

Answer: true

Question 7

The complement system is an enzyme group in the blood which activated:

Answer 7

Various pathways in the innate immune system to fight infection

Question 8

Which cell produces histamine

Answer 8

Mast cell

Question 9

Which of the following is not part of cell-mediated immunity?

A) a type of immunity which involves antibodies
B) involves activation of phagocytes to destroy pathogens
C) triggering of cytokines enabling moderation of other parts of the immune system
D) a type of immunity which does not involve antibodies

Answer 9

A) a type of immunity which involves antibodies

Question 10

Adaptive and specific immunity are the same

Answer 10

Yes they are

Question 11

What is phagocytosis

Answer 11

It’s the process of macrophages and other phagocytes like neutrophils use in order to destroy pathogens

Question 12

What leads to inflammation

Answer 12

When the infection is too hard to fight it releases signalling proteins called cytokines this leads to inflammation

Question 13

What cells do cytokines activate in the innate immune system

Answer 13

Macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils

Question 14

What other processes does the inflammatory response involve in that help to fight the infection

Answer 14

Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, mast cell activation and degranulation, activation of clotting system, activation of kinin system

Question 15

What is the acute phase response

Answer 15

inflammation stimulates neutrophils and macrophages to secrete more cytokines a chemical called interleukins, this is called acute inflammatory response which involves sending interleukins1 to the brain: fever, reduce appetite, tiredness and sends interleukins6 to liver, interleukins8, 2 and 12 and TNF is released

Question 16

What are opsonins

Answer 16

They are Complex molecules that attach to pathogens, make it easier for macrophages and neutrophils to recognise and phagocytose that pathogen

Question 17

What is the specific immune system

Answer 17

It involves lymphocytes, T and B cells, they stay in the lymph nodes and the mucosa associated lymph node tissue

Question 18

What is lysozyme

Answer 18

Lysozyme splits the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls.

Question 19

Acute inflammation can be initiated by:

Answer 19

Activation of mast cells releases chemotactic factors for neutrophils and also vasoactive mediators such as histamine.

Question 20

A special feature of adaptive immunity is:

Answer 20

Ability to distinguish self and non self

Question 21

How are antibody producing cells stimulated?

Answer 21

Antibody producing B cells are activated via interactions with T helper cells

Question 22

Cytotoxic T cells can be activated via which of the following?

Answer 22

By identifying virus peptides presented by MHC-I

Question 23

What happens to the immune system in autoimmune disease ?

Answer 23

Antibodies from the immune system mistakenly attack the body’s tissues

Question 24

Lymph is circulated by
Question 1 Select one or more:

a. The beating of the heart and gravity

b. Gravity and skeletal muscle contraction

c. Changes in thoracic pressure

d. Contraction of adjacent muscles and the pulsation of large arteries

Answer 24

Contraction of adjacent muscles and the pulsation of large arteries, Changes in thoracic pressure

Question 25

Lymphatic capillaries are Question 2 Select one: a. Equipped with valves b. Thick-walled c. In direct communication with blood capillaries d. Blind ended

Answer 25

Blind ended

Question 26

Lymphatics contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course Question 3 Select one: a. False b. True

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Lymphatics have thinner walls than large veins Question 4 Select one: a. True b. False

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue are associated with the Question 5 Select one or more: a. Arm-pits b. Gastrointestinal tract c. Respiratory tract d. Spleen

Answer 28

Gastrointestinal tract, Respiratory tract

Question 29

What happens in the lymph nodes as lymph flows through them Question 6 Select one or more: a. White blood cells are made b. Reticular fibres filter debris c. Plasma and mature T cells are added d. Foreign substances are destroyed

Answer 29

Reticular fibres filter debris, Plasma and mature T cells are added, Foreign substances are destroyed

Question 30

Which best describes a lymph node Question 7 Select one: a. A type of pathogen that attacks the immune system b. Any organ that is being attacked by pathogens c. A special kind of immune cell that is found in the lymph d. A capsule in the lymph vessel that is filled with B cells and T cells

Answer 30

A capsule in the lymph vessel that is filled with B cells and T cells

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system Question 8 Select one: a. Transporting interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream b. Providing immunological defences c. Filtering metabolic wastes d. Transporting absorbed fats from the intestine to the blood

Answer 31

Filtering metabolic wastes

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT part of the lymphatic system Question 9 Select one: a. Bone marrow b. Thymus and spleen c. Liver d. Adenoids and tonsils

Answer 32

Liver