Digestion Flashcards
Which of the following are accessory organs of the digestive system?
Question 12 Select one or more:
a. The salivary glands
b. The pancreas
c. The small intestine
d. The liver
The liver, the pancreas, salivary glands
Which of the following form the walls of the digestive tract?
Question 13 Select one or more:
a. Adventitia (serosa)
b. Muscle layer
c. Supramucosa
d. Mucosa
Adventitia (serosa), Muscle layer, Mucosa
Which of the following is NOT an activity of the digestive system?
Question 14 Select one:
a. Ingestion
b. Elimination
c. Absorption
d. Digestion
e. Ablation
f. Propulsion
Ablation
Which of the following statements about digestion ARE correct?
Question 15 Select one or more:
a. Digestion includes mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
b. The large intestine absorbs vitamin K and certain B vitamins
c. Most chemical digestion takes place in the stomach
d. The majority of absorption takes place in the jejunum
Digestion includes mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, The majority of absorption takes place in the jejunum, The large intestine absorbs vitamin K and certain B vitamins
Which of the following statements about the large intestine is INCORRECT?
Question 16 Select one:
a. White blood cells are made
b. Undigested food is excreted
c. Water and electrolytes are absorbed
d. Bacteria synthesise Vitamin K and folic acid
White blood cells are made
Which of the following statements about the liver is NOT correct?
Question 17 Select one:
a. The liver secretes bile, which accumulates in the gall bladder between meals
b. The liver is the largest solid organ in the body
c. Glucose is stored by the liver in the form of glucagon
d. The liver plays an important role in the detoxification of drugs and toxic substances
Glucose is stored by the liver in the form of glucagon
Which of the following statements about the salivary glands are true?
Question 18 Select one or more:
a. The sublingual glands lie in front of the submandibular pair and open into the floor of the mouth. They source 5% of saliva
b. The submandibular glands lie at the angle of the jaw and open into the floor of the mouth. They source 70% of saliva
c. The parotid glands lie below the external acoustic meatus. The duct opens into the hard palate opposite the buccal surface of the second upper premolar. They source 15% of saliva
The submandibular glands lie at the angle of the jaw and open into the floor of the mouth. They source 70% of saliva, The sublingual glands lie in front of the submandibular pair and open into the floor of the mouth. They source 5% of saliva
Which of the following statements about the stomach is NOT correct?
Question 19 Select one:
a. A hollow muscular organ, J-shaped, situated on the left side of the abdominal cavity
b. Highly acidic environment
c. Gastric glands secrete gastric juice into the stomach
d. The stomach lining has numerous folds when empty called rugae
e. The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the oesophagus
The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the oesophagus
Name the component parts
- Mouth
- Salivary glands
- Gall bladder
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
- Oesophagus
- Stomach
- Large intestine
- Rectum
What enzymes does saliva contain and do in the digestive system
It contains amylase and lipase which helps start the digestion by breaking down starch to sugars and fats to lipids
Function of oesophagus
Food goes down this tube to the stomach, contains smooth muscles which propel the food forward called peristalsis
What are the layers of the stomach
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscle layer
- Serosa
What are the layers of the stomach
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscle layer
- Serosa
What is plyorus and what does it do
It is the lower part of the stomach and the plyorus muscles form chyme which is a semi liquid form release forward
What do the parietal cells in the stomach make
They make hydrochloric acid which activates pepsin and protects the stomach
What are the parts of the small intestine
- Doudenum - chemical digestion
- Ileum - absorption
- Jejunum - absorption
What does the liver produce
Lived produces bile which consists of 97% of water, bile salts, bile pigments and mucus it is delivered to the duodenum by the common bile duct
What parts does the pancreas have and what do they produce
The pancreas has an exocrine which secretes digestive enzymes and endocrine part which produces insulin and glucagon
What enzymes do the pancreas make
- amylase > starch into glucose
- lipase > breaks down fats/lipids into fatty acids
- proteases > enzymes into amino acids
What does having microvilli do to the small intestine
It increases the surface area and makes it easier to absorb
What is the large intestine divided into
. Ascending colon
. Transverse colon
. Decending colon
. Sigmoid colon
What separates the stomach from the oesophagus
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
Also known as the gastroesophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter.
