Digestion

Question 1

Which of the following are accessory organs of the digestive system?
Question 12 Select one or more:

a. The salivary glands

b. The pancreas

c. The small intestine

d. The liver

Answer 1

The liver, the pancreas, salivary glands

Question 2

Which of the following form the walls of the digestive tract?
Question 13 Select one or more:

a. Adventitia (serosa)

b. Muscle layer

c. Supramucosa

d. Mucosa

Answer 2

Adventitia (serosa), Muscle layer, Mucosa

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an activity of the digestive system?
Question 14 Select one:

a. Ingestion

b. Elimination

c. Absorption

d. Digestion

e. Ablation

f. Propulsion

Answer 3

Ablation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about digestion ARE correct?
Question 15 Select one or more:

a. Digestion includes mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

b. The large intestine absorbs vitamin K and certain B vitamins

c. Most chemical digestion takes place in the stomach

d. The majority of absorption takes place in the jejunum

Answer 4

Digestion includes mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, The majority of absorption takes place in the jejunum, The large intestine absorbs vitamin K and certain B vitamins

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the large intestine is INCORRECT?
Question 16 Select one:

a. White blood cells are made

b. Undigested food is excreted

c. Water and electrolytes are absorbed

d. Bacteria synthesise Vitamin K and folic acid

Answer 5

White blood cells are made

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the liver is NOT correct?
Question 17 Select one:

a. The liver secretes bile, which accumulates in the gall bladder between meals

b. The liver is the largest solid organ in the body

c. Glucose is stored by the liver in the form of glucagon

d. The liver plays an important role in the detoxification of drugs and toxic substances

Answer 6

Glucose is stored by the liver in the form of glucagon

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the salivary glands are true?
Question 18 Select one or more:

a. The sublingual glands lie in front of the submandibular pair and open into the floor of the mouth. They source 5% of saliva

b. The submandibular glands lie at the angle of the jaw and open into the floor of the mouth. They source 70% of saliva

c. The parotid glands lie below the external acoustic meatus. The duct opens into the hard palate opposite the buccal surface of the second upper premolar. They source 15% of saliva

Answer 7

The submandibular glands lie at the angle of the jaw and open into the floor of the mouth. They source 70% of saliva, The sublingual glands lie in front of the submandibular pair and open into the floor of the mouth. They source 5% of saliva

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the stomach is NOT correct?
Question 19 Select one:

a. A hollow muscular organ, J-shaped, situated on the left side of the abdominal cavity

b. Highly acidic environment

c. Gastric glands secrete gastric juice into the stomach

d. The stomach lining has numerous folds when empty called rugae

e. The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the oesophagus

Answer 8

The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the oesophagus

Question 9

Name the component parts

Answer 9

1. Mouth
   
   2. Salivary glands
   3. Gall bladder
   4. Liver
   5. Pancreas
   6. Small intestine
   7. Oesophagus
   8. Stomach
   9. Large intestine
   10. Rectum

Question 10

What enzymes does saliva contain and do in the digestive system

Answer 10

It contains amylase and lipase which helps start the digestion by breaking down starch to sugars and fats to lipids

Question 11

Function of oesophagus

Answer 11

Food goes down this tube to the stomach, contains smooth muscles which propel the food forward called peristalsis

Question 12

What are the layers of the stomach

Answer 12

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscle layer
4. Serosa

Question 13

What are the layers of the stomach

Answer 13

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscle layer
4. Serosa

Question 14

What is plyorus and what does it do

Answer 14

It is the lower part of the stomach and the plyorus muscles form chyme which is a semi liquid form release forward

Question 15

What do the parietal cells in the stomach make

Answer 15

They make hydrochloric acid which activates pepsin and protects the stomach

Question 16

What are the parts of the small intestine

Answer 16

1. Doudenum - chemical digestion
2. Ileum - absorption
3. Jejunum - absorption

Question 17

What does the liver produce

Answer 17

Lived produces bile which consists of 97% of water, bile salts, bile pigments and mucus it is delivered to the duodenum by the common bile duct

Question 18

What parts does the pancreas have and what do they produce

Answer 18

The pancreas has an exocrine which secretes digestive enzymes and endocrine part which produces insulin and glucagon

Question 19

What enzymes do the pancreas make

Answer 19

• amylase > starch into glucose
• lipase > breaks down fats/lipids into fatty acids
• proteases > enzymes into amino acids

Question 20

What does having microvilli do to the small intestine

Answer 20

It increases the surface area and makes it easier to absorb

Question 21

What is the large intestine divided into

Answer 21

. Ascending colon
. Transverse colon
. Decending colon
. Sigmoid colon