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Chemistry Leaving Cert > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Why must organisms be aware of what is going on around them?

A

Organisms must be aware of what is happening around them, as this affects their survival chances.

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2
Q

What is co-ordination of an organism’s activities carried out by?

A

Co-ordination of an organism’s activities is carried out by the nervous system and the endocrine system.

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3
Q

What does a nervous system allow an organism to do?

A

A nervous system allows an organism to detect and respond to stimuli in its internal or external environment.

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4
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A stimulus is any change in your environment e.g. a flash of light, a noise, a fly landing on your nose.

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5
Q

What does the nervous system rely on and what is it involved in?

A

The nervous system relies on electrical signals, carried by specialised cells [neurons], and is involved in fast responses.

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6
Q

What is the central nervous system? + abbreviation

A

The central nervous system (CNS) is your brain and spinal cord.

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7
Q

What does the brain do?

A

The brain keeps a check on internal organs and activities, such as the level of carbon dioxide or water in the blood.

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8
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system? + abbreviation

A

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the nerves branching from the CNS to all parts of the body.

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9
Q

What are the cells involved in the endocrine system?

A

gland

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10
Q

What are the cells involved in the nervous system?

A

sense receptor

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11
Q

What is the message in the endocrine system?

A

chemical (Hormone)

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12
Q

What is the message in the nervous system?

A

electrical (impulse)

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13
Q

What is it carried by in the endocrine system?

A

blood

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14
Q

What is it carried by in the nervous system?

A

nerve cell

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15
Q

Where is the message sent to in the endocrine system?

A

cells throughout the body

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16
Q

Where is the message sent to in the nervous system?

A

specific cell or tissue

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17
Q

What is the message received by in the endocrine system?

A

target organ

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18
Q

What is the message received by in the nervous system?

A

effector (muscle/gland)

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19
Q

What is the speed of transition in the endocrine system?

A

usually slow

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20
Q

What is the speed of transition in the nervous system?

A

rapid

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21
Q

What is the effects of the endocrine system?

A

can be widespread

22
Q

What is the effects of the nervous system?

A

localised usually

23
Q

What is the duration of the endocrine system?

A

long-lasting (hours)

24
Q

What is the duration of the nervous system?

A

usually brief (seconds)

25
Q

What are the stages of coordination and response?

A

stimulus, receptor, process, effector, response

26
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

a stimulus is any change in your environment

27
Q

What is a receptor is a nerve cell that detects stimulus?

A

a receptor is a nerve cell that detects stimulus

28
Q

what is a neuron?

A

a neuron is a specialised cell that carries electrical messages (impulses) around the body.

29
Q

what is an impulse?

A

an impulse is an electrical message that is carried along a neuron.

30
Q

Draw a motor neuron.

A

vrrrroooom

31
Q

Which direction does the electrical signal go in?

A

from the cell body to the synaptic knob

32
Q

Name the parts of a motor neuron?

A

Cell body, nucleus, dendron, dendrites, schwann cell, axon, myelin sheath, synaptic knob.

33
Q

What is a cell body?

A

The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles and produces neurotransmitter chemicals.

34
Q

What is a dendron?

A

a dendron is a short fibre that receives information and carries it towards the cell body

35
Q

What is an axon?

A

a very long fibre that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

36
Q

What is a dendron?

A

a short fibre that receives information and carry it towards the cell body.

37
Q

What are dendrites?

A

dendrites are small branches of a dendron

38
Q

What is a schwann cell?

A

Many Schwann cells wrap their fatty cell membranes around an axon, forming a myelin sheath.

39
Q

What is a myelin sheath made of?

A

Many Schwann cells wrap their fatty cell membranes around an axon, forming a myelin sheath.

40
Q

What do many schwann cells wrap their fatty cell membranes around?

A

an axon

41
Q

What does a myelin sheath do?

A

The myelin sheath insulates the neuron from electrical impulses flowing in other neurons.

42
Q

How many types of neuron are there?

A

3

43
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A

sensory neuron carries messages from the sense organ to the central nervous system (CNS).

44
Q

What is an interneuron?

A

an interneuron connects sensory and motor neurons and so carries messages within the CNS.

45
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A

a motor neuron carries impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands.

46
Q

Draw the sensory neuron, motor neuron, brain and spinal chord together

A

zap

47
Q

What is a synapse?

A

a region where two neurons come into close contact.

48
Q

What is a synaptic cleft?

A

the gap between two neuron, bridged by chemicals (neurotransmitters).

49
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

chemical released across a synaptic cleft to carry a signal from one neuron to another. The chemical is then destroyed or removed.

50
Q

What happens to the chemical once it has carried a signal from one neuron to another?

A

the chemical is then destroyed or removed

51
Q

Draw a synapse with dopamine and acetylcholine labeled.

A

zip

52
Q

What are the parts of a synapse?

A

Impulse, transmitting neuron, mitochondrion, synaptic knob, vesicle with neurotransmitter, acetylcholine or dopamine, synaptic cleft (gap), neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse, receptor site, receiving neuron.

Chemistry Leaving Cert (10 decks)

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