Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

The study of carbon compounds

Question 2

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 3

What are alkanes?

Answer 3

Saturated hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are joined by single covalent bonds and contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.

Question 4

What kind of bonds do carbon atoms form to each other?

Answer 4

strong covalent bonds

Question 5

What types of bonds can carbon-carbon bonds be?

Answer 5

single, double, or triple bonds

Question 6

How can carbon atoms be arranged?

Answer 6

In straight chains, branched chains and rings, or a combination of rings and chains.

Question 7

What are placed on carbon atoms?

Answer 7

Other atoms/groups of atoms

Question 8

What types of bonds can carbon-carbon covalent bonds be?

Answer 8

Single, Double or Triple

Question 9

What is the homologous series?

Answer 9

A family of compounds which have…
A general formula
Similar chemical properties

Question 10

What are examples of the homologous series?

Answer 10

Alkanes - e.g. CnH2n+2, CH4 or C2H6

Alkenes - e.g. CnH2n, C2H4 or C3H6

Question 11

What are the next in each series?
Alkanes - e.g. CH4, C2H6
Alkenes - e.g. C2H4, C3H6

Answer 11

C3H8, C4H10, C5H12

C4H8, C5H10

Question 12

What are alkanes otherwise known as?

Answer 12

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Question 13

Give some examples of alkanes

Answer 13

Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10

Question 14

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 14

CnH2n+2

Question 15

What does one line represent in a displayed structure (structural formula) of a molecule?

Answer 15

A covalent bond

Question 16

Draw the structural formula for Methane, Ethane and Propane.

Answer 16

Now

Question 17

Draw the structural formula for Methane, Ethane, Propane and Butane.

Answer 17

Now

Question 18

Structural isomers

Answer 18

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 19

Draw and give and example of an alkane and it’s structural isomer.

Answer 19

Butane and Methylpropane (plus diagrams)

Question 20

How many isomers of C5H12 are there and what is C5H12?

Answer 20

Pentane - 3

Question 21

What is an example of an elimination?

Answer 21

Dehydration of an alcohol is an example of an elimination reaction.

Question 22

What happens in the dehydration of an alcohol?

Answer 22

In this reaction, a larger alcohol molecule reacts to form a smaller alkene molecule and an even smaller water molecule.

Question 23

Does the structure change in a dehydration of an alcohol?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

How does the structure change in a dehydration of an alcohol?

Answer 24

From tetrahedral to planar.

Question 25

In the dehydration of ethanol, what is the ethanol dehydrated to?

Answer 25

ethene

Question 26

When is the dehydration of ethanol reaction used?

Answer 26

in the preparation of ethene

Question 27

Write the formula of the dehydration of ethanol to ethene (draw it out)

Answer 27

H H H H
| | \ /
H - C - C - OH –> C = C + H20
| | / \
H H H H

Question 28

What are the reaction conditions for dehydration of ethanol?

Answer 28

Heat

Aluminium oxide catalyst